Janet 1.17.1-e1c4fc2 Documentation
(Other Versions: 1.16.1 1.15.0 1.13.1 1.12.2 1.11.1 1.10.1 1.9.1 1.8.1 1.7.0 1.6.0 1.5.1 1.5.0 1.4.0 1.3.1 )

Core API

Index

% %= * *= + ++ += - -- -= -> ->> -?> -?>> / /= < <= = > >= abstract? accumulate accumulate2 all all-bindings all-dynamics and any? apply array array/clear array/concat array/ensure array/fill array/insert array/new array/new-filled array/peek array/pop array/push array/remove array/slice array/trim array? as-> as-macro as?-> asm assert bad-compile bad-parse band blshift bnot boolean? bor brshift brushift buffer buffer/bit buffer/bit-clear buffer/bit-set buffer/bit-toggle buffer/blit buffer/clear buffer/fill buffer/format buffer/new buffer/new-filled buffer/popn buffer/push buffer/push-byte buffer/push-string buffer/push-word buffer/slice buffer/trim buffer? bxor bytes? cancel case cfunction? chr cli-main cmp comment comp compare compare< compare<= compare= compare> compare>= compif compile complement comptime compwhen cond coro count curenv debug debug/arg-stack debug/break debug/fbreak debug/lineage debug/stack debug/stacktrace debug/step debug/unbreak debug/unfbreak debugger-env dec deep-not= deep= def- default default-peg-grammar defer defglobal defmacro defmacro- defn defn- describe dictionary? disasm distinct doc doc* doc-format doc-of dofile drop drop-until drop-while dyn each eachk eachp edefer eflush empty? env-lookup eprin eprinf eprint eprintf error errorf ev/call ev/cancel ev/capacity ev/chan ev/chan-close ev/chunk ev/close ev/count ev/deadline ev/do-thread ev/full ev/gather ev/give ev/give-supervisor ev/go ev/read ev/rselect ev/select ev/sleep ev/spawn ev/spawn-thread ev/take ev/thread ev/thread-chan ev/with-deadline ev/write eval eval-string even? every? extreme false? fiber-fn fiber/can-resume? fiber/current fiber/getenv fiber/last-value fiber/maxstack fiber/new fiber/root fiber/setenv fiber/setmaxstack fiber/status fiber? file/close file/flush file/open file/popen file/read file/seek file/temp file/write filter find find-index first flatten flatten-into flush flycheck for forever forv freeze frequencies from-pairs function? gccollect gcinterval gcsetinterval generate gensym get get-in getline group-by hash idempotent? identity if-let if-not if-with import import* in inc index-of indexed? int/s64 int/u64 int? interleave interpose invert janet/build janet/config-bits janet/version juxt juxt* keep keys keyword keyword/slice keyword? kvs label last length let load-image load-image-dict loop macex macex1 maclintf make-env make-image make-image-dict map mapcat marshal match math/-inf math/abs math/acos math/acosh math/asin math/asinh math/atan math/atan2 math/atanh math/cbrt math/ceil math/cos math/cosh math/e math/erf math/erfc math/exp math/exp2 math/expm1 math/floor math/gamma math/hypot math/inf math/int-max math/int-min math/int32-max math/int32-min math/log math/log10 math/log1p math/log2 math/nan math/next math/pi math/pow math/random math/rng math/rng-buffer math/rng-int math/rng-uniform math/round math/seedrandom math/sin math/sinh math/sqrt math/tan math/tanh math/trunc max mean merge merge-into merge-module min mod module/add-paths module/cache module/expand-path module/find module/loaders module/loading module/paths nan? nat? native neg? net/accept net/accept-loop net/address net/chunk net/close net/connect net/flush net/listen net/read net/recv-from net/send-to net/server net/shutdown net/write next nil? not not= number? odd? one? or os/arch os/cd os/chmod os/clock os/cryptorand os/cwd os/date os/dir os/environ os/execute os/exit os/getenv os/link os/lstat os/mkdir os/mktime os/open os/perm-int os/perm-string os/pipe os/proc-close os/proc-kill os/proc-wait os/readlink os/realpath os/rename os/rm os/rmdir os/setenv os/shell os/sleep os/spawn os/stat os/symlink os/time os/touch os/umask os/which pairs parse parser/byte parser/clone parser/consume parser/eof parser/error parser/flush parser/has-more parser/insert parser/new parser/produce parser/state parser/status parser/where partial partition partition-by peg/compile peg/find peg/find-all peg/match peg/replace peg/replace-all pos? postwalk pp prewalk prin prinf print printf product prompt propagate protect put put-in quit range reduce reduce2 repeat repl require resume return reverse reverse! root-env run-context scan-number seq setdyn short-fn signal slice slurp some sort sort-by sorted sorted-by spit stderr stdin stdout string string/ascii-lower string/ascii-upper string/bytes string/check-set string/find string/find-all string/format string/from-bytes string/has-prefix? string/has-suffix? string/join string/repeat string/replace string/replace-all string/reverse string/slice string/split string/trim string/triml string/trimr string? struct struct? sum symbol symbol/slice symbol? table table/clear table/clone table/getproto table/new table/rawget table/setproto table/to-struct table? take take-until take-while thread/close thread/current thread/exit thread/new thread/receive thread/send trace tracev true? truthy? try tuple tuple/brackets tuple/setmap tuple/slice tuple/sourcemap tuple/type tuple? type unless unmarshal untrace update update-in use values var- varfn varglobal walk warn-compile when when-let when-with with with-dyns with-syms with-vars xprin xprinf xprint xprintf yield zero? zipcoll


% function
(% dividend divisor)

Returns the remainder of dividend / divisor.
EXAMPLES
(% 10 3) # -> 1
(% -10 3) # -> -1
(% 10 -3) # -> 1
(% -10 -3) # -> -1
(% 1.4 1) # -> 0.4
(% -1.4 1) # -> -0.4
(% 1.4 1) # -> 0.4
(% -1.4 1) # -> -0.4
(% -1.4 0) # -> -nan
(% -1.4 0) # -> -nan
Community Examples

%= macro source
(%= x n)

Shorthand for (set x (% x n)).
EXAMPLES
(var x 10) # -> 10
(%= x 3) # -> 1
x # -> 1
Community Examples

* function
(* & xs)

Returns the product of all elements in xs. If xs is empty, returns 1.
EXAMPLES
(*) # -> 1
(* 10) # -> 10
(* 10 20) # -> 200
(* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) #-> 5040

# Can take product of array with splice, but 'product' is better
(* ;(range 1 20)) #-> 1.21645e+17
(product (range 1 20)) #-> 1.21645e+17
Community Examples

*= macro source
(*= x n)

Shorthand for (set x (* x n)).
EXAMPLES
(var x 100) # -> 100
x # -> 100
(*= x 10) # -> 1000
x # -> 1000
Community Examples

+ function
(+ & xs)

Returns the sum of all xs. xs must be integers or real numbers only. If xs is empty, return 0.
EXAMPLES
(+) # -> 0
(+ 10) # -> 10
(+ 1 2) # -> 3
(+ 1.4 -4.5) # -> -3.1
(+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) # -> 55

# Splice can be used to sum arrays, but 'sum' is better
(+ ;(range 101)) # -> 5050
(sum (range 101)) # -> 5050

# Janet can add types that support the :+ or :r+ method
(+ (int/s64 "10") 10) # -> <core/s64 20>

# Bad types give errors
(+ nil 10) # -> error: could not find method :+ for nil, or :r+ for 10
Community Examples

++ macro source
(++ x)

Increments the var x by 1.
Community Examples

+= macro source
(+= x n)

Increments the var x by n.
EXAMPLES
(var x 100) # -> 100
x # -> 100
(+= x 10) # -> 110
x # -> 110
Community Examples

- function
(- & xs)

Returns the difference of xs. If xs is empty, returns 0. If xs has one element, returns the negative value of that element. Otherwise, returns the first element in xs minus the sum of the rest of the elements.
EXAMPLES
(-) # -> 0
(- 10) # -> -10
(- 1 2) # -> -1
(+ 1.4 -4.5) # -> 5.9

# Equivalent to (- first (+ ;rest))
(- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) # -> -53

# Janet can subtract types that support the :- or :r- method
(- (int/s64 "10") 10) # -> <core/s64 0>
Community Examples

-- macro source
(-- x)

Decrements the var x by 1.
Community Examples

-= macro source
(-= x n)

Decrements the var x by n.
EXAMPLES
(var x 10) # -> 10
(-= x 20) # -> -10
x # -> -10
Community Examples

-> macro source
(-> x & forms)

Threading macro. Inserts x as the second value in the first form
in forms, and inserts the modified first form into the second form
in the same manner, and so on. Useful for expressing pipelines of data.
Community Examples

->> macro source
(->> x & forms)

Threading macro. Inserts x as the last value in the first form
in forms, and inserts the modified first form into the second form
in the same manner, and so on. Useful for expressing pipelines of data.
Community Examples

-?> macro source
(-?> x & forms)

Short circuit threading macro. Inserts x as the second value in the first form
in forms, and inserts the modified first form into the second form
in the same manner, and so on. The pipeline will return nil
if an intermediate value is nil.
Useful for expressing pipelines of data.
Community Examples

-?>> macro source
(-?>> x & forms)

Short circuit threading macro. Inserts x as the last value in the first form
in forms, and inserts the modified first form into the second form
in the same manner, and so on. The pipeline will return nil
if an intermediate value is nil.
Useful for expressing pipelines of data.
Community Examples

/ function
(/ & xs)

Returns the quotient of xs. If xs is empty, returns 1. If xs has one value x, returns the reciprocal of x. Otherwise return the first value of xs repeatedly divided by the remaining values.
Community Examples

/= macro source
(/= x n)

Shorthand for (set x (/ x n)).
Community Examples

< function
(< & xs)

Check if xs is in ascending order. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

<= function
(<= & xs)

Check if xs is in non-descending order. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

= function
(= & xs)

Check if all values in xs are equal. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

> function
(> & xs)

Check if xs is in descending order. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

>= function
(>= & xs)

Check if xs is in non-ascending order. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

abstract? cfunction source
(abstract? x)

Check if x is an abstract type.
Community Examples

accumulate function source
(accumulate f init ind)

Similar to reduce, but accumulates intermediate values into an array.
The last element in the array is what would be the return value from reduce.
The init value is not added to the array (the return value will have the same
number of elements as ind).
Returns a new array.
Community Examples

accumulate2 function source
(accumulate2 f ind)

The 2-argument version of accumulate that does not take an initialization value.
The first value in ind will be added to the array as is, so the length of the
return value will be (length ind).
Community Examples

all function source
(all pred xs)

Returns true if all xs are truthy, otherwise the result of first
falsey predicate value, (pred x).
Community Examples

all-bindings function source
(all-bindings &opt env local)

Get all symbols available in an environment. Defaults to the current
fiber's environment. If local is truthy, will not show inherited bindings
(from prototype tables).
Community Examples

all-dynamics function source
(all-dynamics &opt env local)

Get all dynamic bindings in an environment. Defaults to the current
fiber's environment. If local is truthy, will not show inherited bindings
(from prototype tables).
Community Examples

and macro source
(and & forms)

Evaluates to the last argument if all preceding elements are truthy, otherwise
evaluates to the first falsey argument.
Community Examples

any? function source
(any? ind)

Returns the first truthy value in ind, otherwise nil.
falsey value.
Community Examples

apply function
(apply f & args)

Applies a function to a variable number of arguments. Each element in args is used as an argument to f, except the last element in args, which is expected to be an array-like. Each element in this last argument is then also pushed as an argument to f. For example:

	(apply + 1000 (range 10))

sums the first 10 integers and 1000.
EXAMPLES
(apply + (range 10)) # -> 45
(apply + []) # -> 0
(apply + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [8 9 10]) # -> 55
(apply + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) # -> error: expected array|tuple, got number 

# Can also be used to call macros like functions.
# Will return the macro expanded code of the original macro.
(apply for 'x 0 10 ['(print x)])
# -> (do (var _000000 0) (def _000001 10) (while ...
Community Examples

array cfunction source
(array & items)

Create a new array that contains items. Returns the new array.
Community Examples

array/clear cfunction source
(array/clear arr)

Empties an array, setting it's count to 0 but does not free the backing capacity. Returns the modified array.
Community Examples

array/concat cfunction source
(array/concat arr & parts)

Concatenates a variable number of arrays (and tuples) into the first argument, which must be an array. If any of the parts are arrays or tuples, their elements will be inserted into the array. Otherwise, each part in `parts` will be appended to `arr` in order. Return the modified array `arr`.
Community Examples

array/ensure cfunction source
(array/ensure arr capacity growth)

Ensures that the memory backing the array is large enough for `capacity` items at the given rate of growth. Capacity and growth must be integers. If the backing capacity is already enough, then this function does nothing. Otherwise, the backing memory will be reallocated so that there is enough space.
Community Examples

array/fill cfunction source
(array/fill arr &opt value)

Replace all elements of an array with `value` (defaulting to nil) without changing the length of the array. Returns the modified array.
Community Examples

array/insert cfunction source
(array/insert arr at & xs)

Insert all `xs` into array `arr` at index `at`. `at` should be an integer between 0 and the length of the array. A negative value for `at` will index backwards from the end of the array, such that inserting at -1 appends to the array. Returns the array.
Community Examples

array/new cfunction source
(array/new capacity)

Creates a new empty array with a pre-allocated capacity. The same as (array) but can be more efficient if the maximum size of an array is known.
EXAMPLES
(def arr (array/new 100)) # -> @[]

# Now we can fill up the array without triggering a resize
(for i 0 100
  (put arr i i))
Community Examples

array/new-filled cfunction source
(array/new-filled count &opt value)

Creates a new array of `count` elements, all set to `value`, which defaults to nil. Returns the new array.
Community Examples

array/peek cfunction source
(array/peek arr)

Returns the last element of the array. Does not modify the array.
Community Examples

array/pop cfunction source
(array/pop arr)

Remove the last element of the array and return it. If the array is empty, will return nil. Modifies the input array.
Community Examples

array/push cfunction source
(array/push arr x)

Insert an element in the end of an array. Modifies the input array and returns it.
Community Examples

array/remove cfunction source
(array/remove arr at &opt n)

Remove up to `n` elements starting at index `at` in array `arr`. `at` can index from the end of the array with a negative index, and `n` must be a non-negative integer. By default, `n` is 1. Returns the array.
Community Examples

array/slice cfunction source
(array/slice arrtup &opt start end)

Takes a slice of array or tuple from `start` to `end`. The range is half open, [start, end). Indexes can also be negative, indicating indexing from the end of the array. By default, `start` is 0 and `end` is the length of the array. Note that index -1 is synonymous with index `(length arrtup)` to allow a full negative slice range. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

array/trim cfunction source
(array/trim arr)

Set the backing capacity of an array to its current length. Returns the modified array.
Community Examples

array? function source
(array? x)

Check if x is an array.
Community Examples

as-> macro source
(as-> x as & forms)

Thread forms together, replacing as in forms with the value
of the previous form. The first for is the value x. Returns the
last value.
Community Examples

as-macro macro source
(as-macro f & args)

Use a function or macro literal `f` as a macro. This lets
any function be used as a macro. Inside a quasiquote, the
idiom `(as-macro ,my-custom-macro arg1 arg2...)` can be used
to avoid unwanted variable capture.
Community Examples

as?-> macro source
(as?-> x as & forms)

Thread forms together, replacing as in forms with the value
of the previous form. The first for is the value x. If any
intermediate values are falsey, return nil; otherwise, returns the
last value.
Community Examples

asm cfunction source
(asm assembly)

Returns a new function that is the compiled result of the assembly.
The syntax for the assembly can be found on the Janet website, and should correspond
to the return value of disasm. Will throw an
error on invalid assembly.
Community Examples

assert macro source
(assert x &opt err)

Throw an error if x is not truthy. Will not evaluate `err` if x is truthy.
Community Examples

bad-compile function source
(bad-compile msg macrof where &opt line col)

Default handler for a compile error.
Community Examples

bad-parse function source
(bad-parse p where)

Default handler for a parse error.
Community Examples

band function
(band & xs)

Returns the bit-wise and of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer.
Community Examples

blshift function
(blshift x & shifts)

Returns the value of x bit shifted left by the sum of all values in shifts. x and each element in shift must be an integer.
Community Examples

bnot function
(bnot x)

Returns the bit-wise inverse of integer x.
Community Examples

boolean? function source
(boolean? x)

Check if x is a boolean.
Community Examples

bor function
(bor & xs)

Returns the bit-wise or of all values in xs. Each x in xs must be an integer.
Community Examples

brshift function
(brshift x & shifts)

Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x and each element in shift must be an integer.
Community Examples

brushift function
(brushift x & shifts)

Returns the value of x bit shifted right by the sum of all values in shifts. x and each element in shift must be an integer. The sign of x is not preserved, so for positive shifts the return value will always be positive.
Community Examples

buffer cfunction source
(buffer & xs)

Creates a buffer by concatenating the elements of `xs` together. If an element is not a byte sequence, it is converted to bytes via `describe`. Returns the new buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/bit cfunction source
(buffer/bit buffer index)

Gets the bit at the given bit-index. Returns true if the bit is set, false if not.
Community Examples

buffer/bit-clear cfunction source
(buffer/bit-clear buffer index)

Clears the bit at the given bit-index. Returns the buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/bit-set cfunction source
(buffer/bit-set buffer index)

Sets the bit at the given bit-index. Returns the buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/bit-toggle cfunction source
(buffer/bit-toggle buffer index)

Toggles the bit at the given bit index in buffer. Returns the buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/blit cfunction source
(buffer/blit dest src &opt dest-start src-start src-end)

Insert the contents of src into dest. Can optionally take indices that indicate which part of src to copy into which part of dest. Indices can be negative to index from the end of src or dest. Returns dest.
Community Examples

buffer/clear cfunction source
(buffer/clear buffer)

Sets the size of a buffer to 0 and empties it. The buffer retains its memory so it can be efficiently refilled. Returns the modified buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/fill cfunction source
(buffer/fill buffer &opt byte)

Fill up a buffer with bytes, defaulting to 0s. Does not change the buffer's length. Returns the modified buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/format cfunction source
(buffer/format buffer format & args)

Snprintf like functionality for printing values into a buffer. Returns the modified buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/new cfunction source
(buffer/new capacity)

Creates a new, empty buffer with enough backing memory for capacity bytes. Returns a new buffer of length 0.
Community Examples

buffer/new-filled cfunction source
(buffer/new-filled count &opt byte)

Creates a new buffer of length count filled with byte. By default, byte is 0. Returns the new buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/popn cfunction source
(buffer/popn buffer n)

Removes the last n bytes from the buffer. Returns the modified buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/push cfunction source
(buffer/push buffer & xs)

Push both individual bytes and byte sequences to a buffer. For each x in xs, push the byte if x is an integer, otherwise push the bytesequence to the buffer. Thus, this function behaves like both `buffer/push-string` and `buffer/push-byte`. Returns the modified buffer. Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.
Community Examples

buffer/push-byte cfunction source
(buffer/push-byte buffer & xs)

Append bytes to a buffer. Will expand the buffer as necessary. Returns the modified buffer. Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.
Community Examples

buffer/push-string cfunction source
(buffer/push-string buffer & xs)

Push byte sequences onto the end of a buffer. Will accept any of strings, keywords, symbols, and buffers. Returns the modified buffer. Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.
Community Examples

buffer/push-word cfunction source
(buffer/push-word buffer & xs)

Append machine words to a buffer. The 4 bytes of the integer are appended in twos complement, little endian order, unsigned for all x. Returns the modified buffer. Will throw an error if the buffer overflows.
Community Examples

buffer/slice cfunction source
(buffer/slice bytes &opt start end)

Takes a slice of a byte sequence from start to end. The range is half open, [start, end). Indexes can also be negative, indicating indexing from the end of the end of the array. By default, start is 0 and end is the length of the buffer. Returns a new buffer.
Community Examples

buffer/trim cfunction source
(buffer/trim buffer)

Set the backing capacity of the buffer to the current length of the buffer. Returns the modified buffer.
Community Examples

buffer? function source
(buffer? x)

Check if x is a buffer.
Community Examples

bxor function
(bxor & xs)

Returns the bit-wise xor of all values in xs. Each in xs must be an integer.
Community Examples

bytes? function source
(bytes? x)

Check if x is a string, symbol, keyword, or buffer.
Community Examples

cancel function
(cancel fiber err)

Resume a fiber but have it immediately raise an error. This lets a programmer unwind a pending fiber. Returns the same result as resume.
Community Examples

case macro source
(case dispatch & pairs)

Select the body that equals the dispatch value. When pairs
has an odd number of arguments, the last is the default expression.
If no match is found, returns nil.
Community Examples

cfunction? function source
(cfunction? x)

Check if x a cfunction.
Community Examples

chr macro source
(chr c)

Convert a string of length 1 to its byte (ascii) value at compile time.
Community Examples

cli-main function source
(cli-main args)

Entrance for the Janet CLI tool. Call this function with the command line
arguments as an array or tuple of strings to invoke the CLI interface.
Community Examples

cmp function
(cmp x y)

Returns -1 if x is strictly less than y, 1 if y is strictly greater than x, and 0 otherwise. To return 0, x and y must be the exact same type.
Community Examples

comment macro source
(comment &)

Ignores the body of the comment.
Community Examples

comp function source
(comp & functions)

Takes multiple functions and returns a function that is the composition
of those functions.
Community Examples

compare function source
(compare x y)

Polymorphic compare. Returns -1, 0, 1 for x < y, x = y, x > y respectively.
Differs from the primitive comparators in that it first checks to
see whether either x or y implement a `compare` method which can
compare x and y. If so, it uses that method. If not, it
delegates to the primitive comparators.
Community Examples

compare< function source
(compare< & xs)

Equivalent of `<` but using polymorphic `compare` instead of primitive comparator.
Community Examples

compare<= function source
(compare<= & xs)

Equivalent of `<=` but using polymorphic `compare` instead of primitive comparator.
Community Examples

compare= function source
(compare= & xs)

Equivalent of `=` but using polymorphic `compare` instead of primitive comparator.
Community Examples

compare> function source
(compare> & xs)

Equivalent of `>` but using polymorphic `compare` instead of primitive comparator.
Community Examples

compare>= function source
(compare>= & xs)

Equivalent of `>=` but using polymorphic `compare` instead of primitive comparator.
Community Examples

compif macro source
(compif cnd tru &opt fals)

Check the condition cnd at compile time - if truthy, compile tru, else compile fals.
Community Examples

compile cfunction source
(compile ast &opt env source lints)

Compiles an Abstract Syntax Tree (ast) into a function. Pair the compile function with parsing functionality to implement eval. Returns a new function and does not modify ast. Returns an error struct with keys :line, :column, and :error if compilation fails. If a `lints` array is given, linting messages will be appended to the array. Each message will be a tuple of the form `(level line col message)`.
Community Examples

complement function source
(complement f)

Returns a function that is the complement to the argument.
Community Examples

comptime macro source
(comptime x)

Evals x at compile time and returns the result. Similar to a top level unquote.
Community Examples

compwhen macro source
(compwhen cnd & body)

Check the condition cnd at compile time - if truthy, compile (upscope ;body), else compile nil.
Community Examples

cond macro source
(cond & pairs)

Evaluates conditions sequentially until the first true condition
is found, and then executes the corresponding body. If there are an
odd number of forms, and no forms are matched, the last expression
is executed. If there are no matches, return nil.
Community Examples

coro macro source
(coro & body)

A wrapper for making fibers that may yield multiple values (coroutine). Same as (fiber/new (fn [] ;body) :yi).
Community Examples

count function source
(count pred ind)

Count the number of items in ind for which (pred item)
is true.
Community Examples

curenv function source
(curenv &opt n)

Get the current environment table. Same as (fiber/getenv (fiber/current)). If n
is provided, gets the nth prototype of the environment table.
Community Examples

debug function
(debug &opt x)

Throws a debug signal that can be caught by a parent fiber and used to inspect the running state of the current fiber. Returns the value passed in by resume.
Community Examples

debug/arg-stack cfunction source
(debug/arg-stack fiber)

Gets all values currently on the fiber's argument stack. Normally, this should be empty unless the fiber signals while pushing arguments to make a function call. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

debug/break cfunction source
(debug/break source line col)

Sets a breakpoint in `source` at a given line and column. Will throw an error if the breakpoint location cannot be found. For example

	(debug/break "core.janet" 10 4)

will set a breakpoint at line 10, 4th column of the file core.janet.
Community Examples

debug/fbreak cfunction source
(debug/fbreak fun &opt pc)

Set a breakpoint in a given function. pc is an optional offset, which is in bytecode instructions. fun is a function value. Will throw an error if the offset is too large or negative.
Community Examples

debug/lineage cfunction source
(debug/lineage fib)

Returns an array of all child fibers from a root fiber. This function is useful when a fiber signals or errors to an ancestor fiber. Using this function, the fiber handling the error can see which fiber raised the signal. This function should be used mostly for debugging purposes.
Community Examples

debug/stack cfunction source
(debug/stack fib)

Gets information about the stack as an array of tables. Each table in the array contains information about a stack frame. The top-most, current stack frame is the first table in the array, and the bottom-most stack frame is the last value. Each stack frame contains some of the following attributes:

* :c - true if the stack frame is a c function invocation

* :column - the current source column of the stack frame

* :function - the function that the stack frame represents

* :line - the current source line of the stack frame

* :name - the human-friendly name of the function

* :pc - integer indicating the location of the program counter

* :source - string with the file path or other identifier for the source code

* :slots - array of all values in each slot

* :tail - boolean indicating a tail call
Community Examples

debug/stacktrace cfunction source
(debug/stacktrace fiber &opt err)

Prints a nice looking stacktrace for a fiber. Can optionally provide an error value to print the stack trace with. If `err` is nil or not provided, will skip the error line. Returns the fiber.
Community Examples

debug/step cfunction source
(debug/step fiber &opt x)

Run a fiber for one virtual instruction of the Janet machine. Can optionally pass in a value that will be passed as the resuming value. Returns the signal value, which will usually be nil, as breakpoints raise nil signals.
Community Examples

debug/unbreak cfunction source
(debug/unbreak source line column)

Remove a breakpoint with a source key at a given line and column. Will throw an error if the breakpoint cannot be found.
Community Examples

debug/unfbreak cfunction source
(debug/unfbreak fun &opt pc)

Unset a breakpoint set with debug/fbreak.
Community Examples

debugger-env table source
An environment that contains dot prefixed functions for debugging.
Community Examples

dec function source
(dec x)

Returns x - 1.
Community Examples

deep-not= function source
(deep-not= x y)

Like not=, but mutable types (arrays, tables, buffers) are considered
equal if they have identical structure. Much slower than not=.
Community Examples

deep= function source
(deep= x y)

Like =, but mutable types (arrays, tables, buffers) are considered
equal if they have identical structure. Much slower than =.
Community Examples

def- macro source
(def- name & more)

Define a private value that will not be exported.
EXAMPLES
# In a file module.janet
(def- private-thing :encapsulated)
(def public-thing :exposed)

# In a file main.janet
(import module)

module/private-thing # -> Unknown symbol
module/public-thing # -> :exposed

# Same as normal def with :private metadata
(def :private x private-thing :encapsulated)
Community Examples

default macro source
(default sym val)

Define a default value for an optional argument.
Expands to (def sym (if (= nil sym) val sym))
Community Examples

default-peg-grammar table source
The default grammar used for pegs. This grammar defines several common patterns
that should make it easier to write more complex patterns.
Community Examples

defer macro source
(defer form & body)

Run form unconditionally after body, even if the body throws an error.
Will also run form if a user signal 0-4 is received.
EXAMPLES
# Evaluates to 6 after printing "scope left!"
(defer (print "scope left!")
  (+ 1 2 3))

# cleanup will always be called, even if there is a failure
(defer (cleanup)
  (step-1)
  (step-2)
  (if (< 0.1 (math/random)) (error "failure"))
  (step-3))
Community Examples

defglobal function source
(defglobal name value)

Dynamically create a global def.
Community Examples

defmacro macro source
(defmacro name & more)

Define a macro.
Community Examples

defmacro- macro source
(defmacro- name & more)

Define a private macro that will not be exported.
Community Examples

defn macro source
(defn name & more)

Define a function. Equivalent to (def name (fn name [args] ...)).
EXAMPLES
(defn simple
  [x]
  (print (+ x 1)))

(simple 10) # -> 11

(defn long-body
  [y]
  (print y)
  (print (+ y 1))
  (print (+ y 2))
  (+ y 3))

(defn with-docstring
  "This function has a docstring"
  []
  (print "hello!"))

(defn with-tags
  :tag1 :tag2 :private
  "Also has a docstring and a variadic argument 'more'!"
  [x y z & more]
  [x y z more])

(with-tags 1 2) # raises arity error
(with-tags 1 2 3) # -> (1 2 3 ())
(with-tags 1 2 3 4) # -> (1 2 3 (4))
(with-tags 1 2 3 4 5) # -> (1 2 3 (4 5))

# Tags (and other metadata) are (usually) visible in the environment.
(dyn 'with-tags) # -> @{:tag2 true :value <function with-tags> :doc "(with-tags x y z & more)\n\nAlso has a docstring..." :source-map ("repl" 4 1) :tag1 true :private true}

Community Examples

defn- macro source
(defn- name & more)

Define a private function that will not be exported.
EXAMPLES
# In a file module.janet
(defn- not-exposed-fn
  [x]
  (+ x x))
(not-exposed-fn 10) # -> 20

# In a file main.janet
(import module)

(module/not-exposed-fn 10) # -> Unknown symbol error

# Same as
(defn not-exposed-fn
  :private
  [x]
  (+ x x))
Community Examples

describe cfunction source
(describe x)

Returns a string that is a human-readable description of a value x.
Community Examples

dictionary? function source
(dictionary? x)

Check if x is a table or struct.
Community Examples

disasm cfunction source
(disasm func &opt field)

Returns assembly that could be used to compile the given function. func must be a function, not a c function. Will throw on error on a badly typed argument. If given a field name, will only return that part of the function assembly. Possible fields are:

* :arity - number of required and optional arguments.
* :min-arity - minimum number of arguments function can be called with.
* :max-arity - maximum number of arguments function can be called with.
* :vararg - true if function can take a variable number of arguments.
* :bytecode - array of parsed bytecode instructions. Each instruction is a tuple.
* :source - name of source file that this function was compiled from.
* :name - name of function.
* :slotcount - how many virtual registers, or slots, this function uses. Corresponds to stack space used by function.
* :constants - an array of constants referenced by this function.
* :sourcemap - a mapping of each bytecode instruction to a line and column in the source file.
* :environments - an internal mapping of which enclosing functions are referenced for bindings.
* :defs - other function definitions that this function may instantiate.
Community Examples

distinct function source
(distinct xs)

Returns an array of the deduplicated values in xs.
Community Examples

doc macro source
(doc &opt sym)

Shows documentation for the given symbol, or can show a list of available bindings.
If `sym` is a symbol, will look for documentation for that symbol. If `sym` is a string
or is not provided, will show all lexical and dynamic bindings in the current environment
containing that string (all bindings will be shown if no string is given).
Community Examples

doc* function source
(doc* &opt sym)

Get the documentation for a symbol in a given environment. Function form of doc.
Community Examples

doc-format function source
(doc-format str &opt width indent colorize)

Reformat a docstring to wrap a certain width. Docstrings can either be plaintext
or a subset of markdown. This allows a long single line of prose or formatted text to be
a well-formed docstring. Returns a buffer containing the formatted text.
Community Examples

doc-of function source
(doc-of x)

Searches all loaded modules in module/cache for a given binding and prints out its documentation.
This does a search by value instead of by name. Returns nil.
Community Examples

dofile function source
(dofile path &keys {:read read :parser parser :source src :evaluator evaluator :expander expander :env env :exit exit})

Evaluate a file and return the resulting environment. :env, :expander,
:evaluator, :read, and :parser are passed through to the underlying
run-context call. If exit is true, any top level errors will trigger a
call to (os/exit 1) after printing the error.
Community Examples

drop function source
(drop n ind)

Drop the first n elements in an indexed or bytes type. Returns a new tuple or string
instance, respectively.
Community Examples

drop-until function source
(drop-until pred ind)

Same as `(drop-while (complement pred) ind)`.
Community Examples

drop-while function source
(drop-while pred ind)

Given a predicate, remove elements from an indexed or bytes type that satisfy
the predicate, and abort on first failure. Returns a new tuple or string, respectively.
Community Examples

dyn cfunction source
(dyn key &opt default)

Get a dynamic binding. Returns the default value (or nil) if no binding found.
Community Examples

each macro source
(each x ds & body)

Loop over each value in ds. Returns nil.
Community Examples

eachk macro source
(eachk x ds & body)

Loop over each key in ds. Returns nil.
Community Examples

eachp macro source
(eachp x ds & body)

Loop over each (key, value) pair in ds. Returns nil.
Community Examples

edefer macro source
(edefer form & body)

Run form after body in the case that body terminates abnormally (an error or user signal 0-4).
Otherwise, return last form in body.
EXAMPLES
# Half of the time, return "ok", the other
# half of the time, print there was an error and throw "oops".
(edefer (print "there was an error")
  (if (< (math/random) 0.5)
    (error "oops")
    "ok"))
Community Examples

eflush cfunction source
(eflush)

Flush (dyn :err stderr) if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.
Community Examples

empty? function source
(empty? xs)

Check if xs is empty.
Community Examples

env-lookup cfunction source
(env-lookup env)

Creates a forward lookup table for unmarshalling from an environment. To create a reverse lookup table, use the invert function to swap keys and values in the returned table.
Community Examples

eprin cfunction source
(eprin & xs)

Same as prin, but uses (dyn :err stderr) instead of (dyn :out stdout).
Community Examples

eprinf cfunction source
(eprinf fmt & xs)

Like eprintf but with no trailing newline.
Community Examples

eprint cfunction source
(eprint & xs)

Same as print, but uses (dyn :err stderr) instead of (dyn :out stdout).
Community Examples

eprintf cfunction source
(eprintf fmt & xs)

Prints output formatted as if with (string/format fmt ;xs) to (dyn :err stderr) with a trailing newline.
Community Examples

error function
(error e)

Throws an error e that can be caught and handled by a parent fiber.
Community Examples

errorf function source
(errorf fmt & args)

A combination of error and string/format. Equivalent to (error (string/format fmt ;args))
Community Examples

ev/call function source
(ev/call f & args)

Call a function asynchronously.
Returns a fiber that is scheduled to run the function.
Community Examples

ev/cancel cfunction source
(ev/cancel fiber err)

Cancel a suspended fiber in the event loop. Differs from cancel in that it returns the canceled fiber immediately
Community Examples

ev/capacity cfunction source
(ev/capacity channel)

Get the number of items a channel will store before blocking writers.
Community Examples

ev/chan cfunction source
(ev/chan &opt capacity)

Create a new channel. capacity is the number of values to queue before blocking writers, defaults to 0 if not provided. Returns a new channel.
Community Examples

ev/chan-close cfunction source
(ev/chan-close chan)

Close a channel. A closed channel will cause all pending reads and writes to return nil. Returns the channel.
Community Examples

ev/chunk cfunction source
(ev/chunk stream n &opt buffer timeout)

Same as ev/read, but will not return early if less than n bytes are available. If an end of stream is reached, will also return early with the collected bytes.
Community Examples

ev/close cfunction source
(ev/close stream)

Close a stream. This should be the same as calling (:close stream) for all streams.
Community Examples

ev/count cfunction source
(ev/count channel)

Get the number of items currently waiting in a channel.
Community Examples

ev/deadline cfunction source
(ev/deadline sec &opt tocancel tocheck)

Set a deadline for a fiber `tocheck`. If `tocheck` is not finished after `sec` seconds, `tocancel` will be canceled as with `ev/cancel`. If `tocancel` and `tocheck` are not given, they default to `(fiber/root)` and `(fiber/current)` respectively. Returns `tocancel`.
Community Examples

ev/do-thread macro source
(ev/do-thread & body)

Run some code in a new thread. Suspends the current fiber until the thread is complete, and
evaluates to nil.
Community Examples

ev/full cfunction source
(ev/full channel)

Check if a channel is full or not.
Community Examples

ev/gather macro source
(ev/gather & bodies)

Run a number of fibers in parallel on the event loop, and join when they complete.
Returns the gathered results in an array.
Community Examples

ev/give cfunction source
(ev/give channel value)

Write a value to a channel, suspending the current fiber if the channel is full. Returns the channel if the write succeeded, nil otherwise.
Community Examples

ev/give-supervisor cfunction source
(ev/give-supervisor tag & payload)

Send a message to the current supervior channel if there is one. The message will be a tuple of all of the arguments combined into a single message, where the first element is tag. By convention, tag should be a keyword indicating the type of message. Returns nil.
Community Examples

ev/go cfunction source
(ev/go fiber &opt value supervisor)

Put a fiber on the event loop to be resumed later. Optionally pass a value to resume with, otherwise resumes with nil. Returns the fiber. An optional `core/channel` can be provided as a supervisor. When various events occur in the newly scheduled fiber, an event will be pushed to the supervisor. If not provided, the new fiber will inherit the current supervisor.
Community Examples

ev/read cfunction source
(ev/read stream n &opt buffer timeout)

Read up to n bytes into a buffer asynchronously from a stream. `n` can also be the keyword `:all` to read into the buffer until end of stream. Optionally provide a buffer to write into as well as a timeout in seconds after which to cancel the operation and raise an error. Returns the buffer if the read was successful or nil if end-of-stream reached. Will raise an error if there are problems with the IO operation.
Community Examples

ev/rselect cfunction source
(ev/rselect & clauses)

Similar to ev/select, but will try clauses in a random order for fairness.
Community Examples

ev/select cfunction source
(ev/select & clauses)

Block until the first of several channel operations occur. Returns a tuple of the form [:give chan], [:take chan x], or [:close chan], where a :give tuple is the result of a write and :take tuple is the result of a read. Each clause must be either a channel (for a channel take operation) or a tuple [channel x] for a channel give operation. Operations are tried in order, such that the first clauses will take precedence over later clauses. Both and give and take operations can return a [:close chan] tuple, which indicates that the specified channel was closed while waiting, or that the channel was already closed.
Community Examples

ev/sleep cfunction source
(ev/sleep sec)

Suspend the current fiber for sec seconds without blocking the event loop.
Community Examples

ev/spawn macro source
(ev/spawn & body)

Run some code in a new fiber. This is shorthand for (ev/call (fn [] ;body)).
Community Examples

ev/spawn-thread macro source
(ev/spawn-thread & body)

Run some code in a new thread. Like `ev/do-thread`, but returns nil immediately.
Community Examples

ev/take cfunction source
(ev/take channel)

Read from a channel, suspending the current fiber if no value is available.
Community Examples

ev/thread cfunction source
(ev/thread fiber &opt value flags supervisor)

Resume a (copy of a) `fiber` in a new operating system thread, optionally passing `value` to resume with. Unlike `ev/go`, this function will suspend the current fiber until the thread is complete. If you want to run the thread without waiting for a result, pass the `:n` flag to return nil immediately. Otherwise, returns nil. Available flags:

* `:n` - return immediately
* `:a` - don't copy abstract registry to new thread (performance optimization)
* `:c` - don't copy cfunction registry to new thread (performance optimization)
Community Examples

ev/thread-chan cfunction source
(ev/thread-chan &opt limit)

Create a threaded channel. A threaded channel is a channel that can be shared between threads and used to communicate between any number of operating system threads.
Community Examples

ev/with-deadline macro source
(ev/with-deadline deadline & body)

Run a body of code with a deadline, such that if the code does not complete before
the deadline is up, it will be canceled.
Community Examples

ev/write cfunction source
(ev/write stream data &opt timeout)

Write data to a stream, suspending the current fiber until the write completes. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. Returns nil, or raises an error if the write failed.
Community Examples

eval function source
(eval form)

Evaluates a form in the current environment. If more control over the
environment is needed, use `run-context`.
EXAMPLES
(eval '(+ 1 2 3)) # -> 6
(eval '(error :oops)) # -> raises error :oops
(eval '(+ nil nil)) # -> raises error
Community Examples

eval-string function source
(eval-string str)

Evaluates a string in the current environment. If more control over the
environment is needed, use `run-context`.
EXAMPLES
(eval-string "(+ 1 2 3 4)") # -> 10
(eval-string ")") # -> parse error
(eval-string "(bloop)") # -> compile error
(eval-string "(+ nil nil)") # -> runtime error
Community Examples

even? function source
(even? x)

Check if x is even.
Community Examples

every? function source
(every? ind)

Returns true if each value in is truthy, otherwise the first
falsey value.
Community Examples

extreme function source
(extreme order args)

Returns the most extreme value in args based on the function order.
order should take two values and return true or false (a comparison).
Returns nil if args is empty.
Community Examples

false? function source
(false? x)

Check if x is false.
Community Examples

fiber-fn macro source
(fiber-fn flags & body)

A wrapper for making fibers. Same as (fiber/new (fn [] ;body) flags).
Community Examples

fiber/can-resume? cfunction source
(fiber/can-resume? fiber)

Check if a fiber is finished and cannot be resumed.
Community Examples

fiber/current cfunction source
(fiber/current)

Returns the currently running fiber.
Community Examples

fiber/getenv cfunction source
(fiber/getenv fiber)

Gets the environment for a fiber. Returns nil if no such table is set yet.
Community Examples

fiber/last-value cfunction source
(fiber/last-value)

Get the last value returned or signaled from the fiber.
Community Examples

fiber/maxstack cfunction source
(fiber/maxstack fib)

Gets the maximum stack size in janet values allowed for a fiber. While memory for the fiber's stack is not allocated up front, the fiber will not allocated more than this amount and will throw a stack-overflow error if more memory is needed. 
Community Examples

fiber/new cfunction source
(fiber/new func &opt sigmask)

Create a new fiber with function body func. Can optionally take a set of signals to block from the current parent fiber when called. The mask is specified as a keyword where each character is used to indicate a signal to block. If the ev module is enabled, and this fiber is used as an argument to `ev/go`, these "blocked" signals will result in messages being sent to the supervisor channel. The default sigmask is :y. For example,

 (fiber/new myfun :e123)

blocks error signals and user signals 1, 2 and 3. The signals are as follows:

* :a - block all signals
* :d - block debug signals
* :e - block error signals
* :t - block termination signals: error + user[0-4]
* :u - block user signals
* :y - block yield signals
* :0-9 - block a specific user signal

The sigmask argument also can take environment flags. If any mutually exclusive flags are present, the last flag takes precedence.

* :i - inherit the environment from the current fiber
* :p - the environment table's prototype is the current environment table
Community Examples

fiber/root cfunction source
(fiber/root)

Returns the current root fiber. The root fiber is the oldest ancestor that does not have a parent.
Community Examples

fiber/setenv cfunction source
(fiber/setenv fiber table)

Sets the environment table for a fiber. Set to nil to remove the current environment.
Community Examples

fiber/setmaxstack cfunction source
(fiber/setmaxstack fib maxstack)

Sets the maximum stack size in janet values for a fiber. By default, the maximum stack size is usually 8192.
Community Examples

fiber/status cfunction source
(fiber/status fib)

Get the status of a fiber. The status will be one of:

* :dead - the fiber has finished
* :error - the fiber has errored out
* :debug - the fiber is suspended in debug mode
* :pending - the fiber has been yielded
* :user(0-9) - the fiber is suspended by a user signal
* :alive - the fiber is currently running and cannot be resumed
* :new - the fiber has just been created and not yet run
Community Examples

fiber? function source
(fiber? x)

Check if x is a fiber.
Community Examples

file/close cfunction source
(file/close f)

Close a file and release all related resources. When you are done reading a file, close it to prevent a resource leak and let other processes read the file. If the file is the result of a file/popen call, close waits for and returns the process exit status.
Community Examples

file/flush cfunction source
(file/flush f)

Flush any buffered bytes to the file system. In most files, writes are buffered for efficiency reasons. Returns the file handle.
Community Examples

file/open cfunction source
(file/open path &opt mode)

Open a file. `path` is an absolute or relative path, and `mode` is a set of flags indicating the mode to open the file in. `mode` is a keyword where each character represents a flag. If the file cannot be opened, returns nil, otherwise returns the new file handle. Mode flags:

* r - allow reading from the file

* w - allow writing to the file

* a - append to the file

Following one of the initial flags, 0 or more of the following flags can be appended:

* b - open the file in binary mode (rather than text mode)

* + - append to the file instead of overwriting it

* n - error if the file cannot be opened instead of returning nil
Community Examples

file/popen cfunction source
(file/popen command &opt mode) (DEPRECATED for os/spawn)

Open a file that is backed by a process. The file must be opened in either the :r (read) or the :w (write) mode. In :r mode, the stdout of the process can be read from the file. In :w mode, the stdin of the process can be written to. Returns the new file.
Community Examples

file/read cfunction source
(file/read f what &opt buf)

Read a number of bytes from a file `f` into a buffer. A buffer `buf` can be provided as an optional third argument, otherwise a new buffer is created. `what` can either be an integer or a keyword. Returns the buffer with file contents. Values for `what`:

* :all - read the whole file

* :line - read up to and including the next newline character

* n (integer) - read up to n bytes from the file
Community Examples

file/seek cfunction source
(file/seek f &opt whence n)

Jump to a relative location in the file `f`. `whence` must be one of:

* :cur - jump relative to the current file location

* :set - jump relative to the beginning of the file

* :end - jump relative to the end of the file

By default, `whence` is :cur. Optionally a value `n` may be passed for the relative number of bytes to seek in the file. `n` may be a real number to handle large files of more than 4GB. Returns the file handle.
Community Examples

file/temp cfunction source
(file/temp)

Open an anonymous temporary file that is removed on close. Raises an error on failure.
Community Examples

file/write cfunction source
(file/write f bytes)

Writes to a file. 'bytes' must be string, buffer, or symbol. Returns the file.
Community Examples

filter function source
(filter pred ind)

Given a predicate, take only elements from an array or tuple for
which (pred element) is truthy. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

find function source
(find pred ind &opt dflt)

Find the first value in an indexed collection that satisfies a predicate. Returns
dflt if not found.
Community Examples

find-index function source
(find-index pred ind &opt dflt)

Find the index of indexed type for which pred is true. Returns dflt if not found.
Community Examples

first function source
(first xs)

Get the first element from an indexed data structure.
Community Examples

flatten function source
(flatten xs)

Takes a nested array (tree), and returns the depth first traversal of
that array. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

flatten-into function source
(flatten-into into xs)

Takes a nested array (tree), and appends the depth first traversal of
that array to an array 'into'. Returns array into.
Community Examples

flush cfunction source
(flush)

Flush (dyn :out stdout) if it is a file, otherwise do nothing.
Community Examples

flycheck function source
(flycheck path &keys kwargs)

Check a file for errors without running the file. Found errors will be printed to stderr
in the usual format. Macros will still be executed, however, so
arbitrary execution is possible. Other arguments are the same as dofile. `path` can also be
a file value such as stdin. Returns nil.
Community Examples

for macro source
(for i start stop & body)

Do a C-style for-loop for side effects. Returns nil.
Community Examples

forever macro source
(forever & body)

Evaluate body forever in a loop, or until a break statement.
Community Examples

forv macro source
(forv i start stop & body)

Do a C-style for-loop for side effects. The iteration variable `i`
can be mutated in the loop, unlike normal `for`. Returns nil.
Community Examples

freeze function source
(freeze x)

Freeze an object (make it immutable) and do a deep copy, making
child values also immutable. Closures, fibers, and abstract types
will not be recursively frozen, but all other types will.
Community Examples

frequencies function source
(frequencies ind)

Get the number of occurrences of each value in a indexed structure.
Community Examples

from-pairs function source
(from-pairs ps)

Takes a sequence of pairs and creates a table from each pair. The inverse of
`pairs` on a table.
Community Examples

function? function source
(function? x)

Check if x is a function (not a cfunction).
Community Examples

gccollect cfunction source
(gccollect)

Run garbage collection. You should probably not call this manually.
Community Examples

gcinterval cfunction source
(gcinterval)

Returns the integer number of bytes to allocate before running an iteration of garbage collection.
Community Examples

gcsetinterval cfunction source
(gcsetinterval interval)

Set an integer number of bytes to allocate before running garbage collection. Low values for interval will be slower but use less memory. High values will be faster but use more memory.
Community Examples

generate macro source
(generate head & body)

Create a generator expression using the loop syntax. Returns a fiber
that yields all values inside the loop in order. See loop for details.
EXAMPLES
# An infinite stream of random numbers, but doubled.
(def g (generate [_ :iterate true :repeat 2] (math/random)))
# -> <fiber 0x5562863141E0>

(resume g) # -> 0.487181
(resume g) # -> 0.487181
(resume g) # -> 0.507917
(resume g) # -> 0.507917
# ...
Community Examples

gensym cfunction source
(gensym)

Returns a new symbol that is unique across the runtime. This means it will not collide with any already created symbols during compilation, so it can be used in macros to generate automatic bindings.
Community Examples

get function
(get ds key &opt dflt)

Get the value mapped to key in data structure ds, and return dflt or nil if not found. Similar to in, but will not throw an error if the key is invalid for the data structure unless the data structure is an abstract type. In that case, the abstract type getter may throw an error.
Community Examples

get-in function source
(get-in ds ks &opt dflt)

Access a value in a nested data structure. Looks into the data structure via
a sequence of keys.
Community Examples

getline cfunction source
(getline &opt prompt buf env)

Reads a line of input into a buffer, including the newline character, using a prompt. An optional environment table can be provided for auto-complete. Returns the modified buffer. Use this function to implement a simple interface for a terminal program.
Community Examples

group-by function source
(group-by f ind)

Group elements of `ind` by a function `f` and put the results into a table. The keys of
the table are the distinct return values of `f`, and the values are arrays of all elements of `ind`
that are equal to that value.
Community Examples

hash cfunction source
(hash value)

Gets a hash for any value. The hash is an integer can be used as a cheap hash function for all values. If two values are strictly equal, then they will have the same hash value.
Community Examples

idempotent? function source
(idempotent? x)

Check if x is a value that evaluates to itself when compiled.
Community Examples

identity function source
(identity x)

A function that returns its argument.
Community Examples

if-let macro source
(if-let bindings tru &opt fal)

Make multiple bindings, and if all are truthy,
evaluate the tru form. If any are false or nil, evaluate
the fal form. Bindings have the same syntax as the let macro.
Community Examples

if-not macro source
(if-not condition then &opt else)

Shorthand for (if (not condition) else then).
Community Examples

if-with macro source
(if-with [binding ctor dtor] truthy &opt falsey)

Similar to with, but if binding is false or nil, evaluates
the falsey path. Otherwise, evaluates the truthy path. In both cases,
ctor is bound to binding.
Community Examples

import macro source
(import path & args)

Import a module. First requires the module, and then merges its
symbols into the current environment, prepending a given prefix as needed.
(use the :as or :prefix option to set a prefix). If no prefix is provided,
use the name of the module as a prefix. One can also use :export true
to re-export the imported symbols. If :exit true is given as an argument,
any errors encountered at the top level in the module will cause (os/exit 1)
to be called. Dynamic bindings will NOT be imported. Use :fresh to bypass the
module cache.
Community Examples

import* function source
(import* path & args)

Function form of import. Same parameters, but the path
and other symbol parameters should be strings instead.
Community Examples

in function
(in ds key &opt dflt)

Get value in ds at key, works on associative data structures. Arrays, tuples, tables, structs, strings, symbols, and buffers are all associative and can be used. Arrays, tuples, strings, buffers, and symbols must use integer keys that are in bounds or an error is raised. Structs and tables can take any value as a key except nil and will return nil or dflt if not found.
Community Examples

inc function source
(inc x)

Returns x + 1.
Community Examples

index-of function source
(index-of x ind &opt dflt)

Find the first key associated with a value x in a data structure, acting like a reverse lookup.
Will not look at table prototypes.
Returns dflt if not found.
Community Examples

indexed? function source
(indexed? x)

Check if x is an array or tuple.
Community Examples

int/s64 cfunction source
(int/s64 value)

Create a boxed signed 64 bit integer from a string value.
Community Examples

int/u64 cfunction source
(int/u64 value)

Create a boxed unsigned 64 bit integer from a string value.
Community Examples

int? cfunction source
(int? x)

Check if x can be exactly represented as a 32 bit signed two's complement integer.
Community Examples

interleave function source
(interleave & cols)

Returns an array of the first elements of each col, then the second, etc.
Community Examples

interpose function source
(interpose sep ind)

Returns a sequence of the elements of ind separated by
sep. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

invert function source
(invert ds)

Returns a table where the keys of an associative data structure
are the values, and the values are the keys. If multiple keys in `ds`
are mapped to the same value, only one of those values will
become a key in the returned table.
Community Examples

janet/build string
The build identifier of the running janet program.
Community Examples

janet/config-bits number
The flag set of config options from janetconf.h which is used to check if native modules are compatible with the host program.
Community Examples

janet/version string
The version number of the running janet program.
Community Examples

juxt macro source
(juxt & funs)

Macro form of juxt*. Same behavior but more efficient.
Community Examples

juxt* function source
(juxt* & funs)

Returns the juxtaposition of functions. In other words,
((juxt* a b c) x) evaluates to [(a x) (b x) (c x)].
Community Examples

keep function source
(keep pred ind)

Given a predicate `pred`, return a new array containing the truthy results
of applying `pred` to each element in the indexed collection `ind`. This is
different from `filter` which returns an array of the original elements where
the predicate is truthy.
Community Examples

keys function source
(keys x)

Get the keys of an associative data structure.
Community Examples

keyword cfunction source
(keyword & xs)

Creates a keyword by concatenating the elements of `xs` together. If an element is not a byte sequence, it is converted to bytes via `describe`. Returns the new keyword.
Community Examples

keyword/slice cfunction source
(keyword/slice bytes &opt start end)

Same a string/slice, but returns a keyword.
Community Examples

keyword? function source
(keyword? x)

Check if x is a keyword.
Community Examples

kvs function source
(kvs dict)

Takes a table or struct and returns and array of key value pairs
like @[k v k v ...]. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

label macro source
(label name & body)

Set a label point that is lexically scoped. Name should be a symbol
that will be bound to the label.
Community Examples

last function source
(last xs)

Get the last element from an indexed data structure.
Community Examples

length function
(length ds)

Returns the length or count of a data structure in constant time as an integer. For structs and tables, returns the number of key-value pairs in the data structure.
Community Examples

let macro source
(let bindings & body)

Create a scope and bind values to symbols. Each pair in bindings is
assigned as if with def, and the body of the let form returns the last
value.
Community Examples

load-image function source
(load-image image)

The inverse operation to make-image. Returns an environment.
Community Examples

load-image-dict table source
A table used in combination with unmarshal to unmarshal byte sequences created
by make-image, such that (load-image bytes) is the same as (unmarshal bytes load-image-dict).
Community Examples

loop macro source
(loop head & body)

A general purpose loop macro. This macro is similar to the Common Lisp
loop macro, although intentionally much smaller in scope.
The head of the loop should be a tuple that contains a sequence of
either bindings or conditionals. A binding is a sequence of three values
that define something to loop over. They are formatted like:

 binding :verb object/expression

Where `binding` is a binding as passed to def, `:verb` is one of a set of
keywords, and `object` is any expression. The available verbs are:

* `:iterate` - repeatedly evaluate and bind to the expression while it is
 truthy.
* `:range` - loop over a range. The object should be a two-element tuple with
 a start and end value, and an optional positive step. The range is half
 open, [start, end).
* `:range-to` - same as :range, but the range is inclusive [start, end].
* `:down` - loop over a range, stepping downwards. The object should be a
 two-element tuple with a start and (exclusive) end value, and an optional
 (positive!) step size.
* `:down-to` - same as :down, but the range is inclusive [start, end].
* `:keys` - iterate over the keys in a data structure.
* `:pairs` - iterate over the key-value pairs as tuples in a data structure.
* `:in` - iterate over the values in a data structure or fiber.

`loop` also accepts conditionals to refine the looping further. Conditionals are of
the form:

  :modifier argument

where `:modifier` is one of a set of keywords, and `argument` is keyword-dependent.
`:modifier` can be one of:

* `:while expression` - breaks from the loop if `expression` is falsey.
* `:until expression` - breaks from the loop if `expression` is truthy.
* `:let bindings` - defines bindings inside the loop as passed to the `let` macro.
* `:before form` - evaluates a form for a side effect before the next inner loop.
* `:after form` - same as `:before`, but the side effect happens after the next inner loop.
* `:repeat n` - repeats the next inner loop `n` times.
  lets try putting a loop item on multiple lines.
* `:when condition` - only evaluates the loop body when condition is true.

The `loop` macro always evaluates to nil.
EXAMPLES
# -> prints 0123456789 (not followed by newline)
(loop [x :range [0 10]]
  (prin x))

# Cartesian product (nested loops)

# -> prints 00010203101112132021222330313233
# Same as (for x 0 4 (for y 0 4 (prin x y)))
(loop [x :range [0 4]
       y :range [0 4]]
  (prin x y))

# -> prints bytes of "hello, world" as numbers
(loop [character :in "hello, world"]
  (print character))

# -> prints 1, 2, and 3, in an unspecified order
(loop [value :in {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3}]
  (print value))

# -> prints 0 to 99 inclusive
(loop [x :in (range 100)]
  (print x))

# Complex body
(loop [x :in (range 10)]
  (print x)
  (print (inc c))
  (print (+ x 2)))

# Iterate over keys
(loop [k :keys {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3}]
  (print k))
# print a, b, and c in an unspecified order

(loop [index :keys [:a :b :c :d]]
  (print index))
#  print 0, 1, 2, and 3 in order.

(defn print-pairs
  [x]
  (loop [[k v] :pairs x]
    (printf "[%v]=%v" k v)))

(print-pairs [:a :b :c])
# [0]=:a
# [1]=:b
# [2]=:c

(print-pairs {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3})
# [:a]=1
# [:b]=2
# [:c]=3

# Some modifiers - allow early termination and conditional execution
# of the loop

(loop [x :range [0 100] :when (even? x)]
  (print x))
# prints even numbers 0, 2, 4, ..., 98

(loop [x :range [1 100] :while (pos? (% x 7))]
  (print x))
# prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

# Consume fibers as generators
(def f
  (fiber/new
    (fn []
      (for i 0 100
        (yield i)))))

(loop [x :in f]
  (print x))
# print 0, 1, 2, ... 99

# Modifiers in nested loops

(loop [x :range [0 10]
      :after (print)
       y :range [0 x]]
  (prin y " "))
# 0
# 0 1
# 0 1 2
# 0 1 2 3
# 0 1 2 3 4
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Community Examples

macex function source
(macex x &opt on-binding)

Expand macros completely.
on-binding is an optional callback whenever a normal symbolic binding
is encounter. This allows macros to easily see all bindings use by their
arguments by calling macex on their contents. The binding itself is also
replaced by the value returned by on-binding within the expand macro.
Community Examples

macex1 function source
(macex1 x &opt on-binding)

Expand macros in a form, but do not recursively expand macros.
See `macex` docs for info on on-binding.
Community Examples

maclintf function source
(maclintf level fmt & args)

When inside a macro, call this function to add a linter warning. Takes
a `fmt` argument like `string/format` which is used to format the message.
Community Examples

make-env function source
(make-env &opt parent)

Create a new environment table. The new environment
will inherit bindings from the parent environment, but new
bindings will not pollute the parent environment.
Community Examples

make-image function source
(make-image env)

Create an image from an environment returned by require.
Returns the image source as a string.
Community Examples

make-image-dict table source
A table used in combination with marshal to marshal code (images), such that
(make-image x) is the same as (marshal x make-image-dict).
Community Examples

map function source
(map f & inds)

Map a function over every value in a data structure and
return an array of the results.
Community Examples

mapcat function source
(mapcat f ind)

Map a function over every element in an array or tuple and
use array to concatenate the results.
Community Examples

marshal cfunction source
(marshal x &opt reverse-lookup buffer)

Marshal a value into a buffer and return the buffer. The buffer can then later be unmarshalled to reconstruct the initial value. Optionally, one can pass in a reverse lookup table to not marshal aliased values that are found in the table. Then a forward lookup table can be used to recover the original value when unmarshalling.
Community Examples

match macro source
(match x & cases)

Pattern matching. Match an expression `x` against any number of cases.
Each case is a pattern to match against, followed by an expression to
evaluate to if that case is matched. Legal patterns are:

* symbol -- a pattern that is a symbol will match anything, binding `x`'s
 value to that symbol.

* array -- an array will match only if all of its elements match the
 corresponding elements in `x`.

* table or struct -- a table or struct will match if all values match with
 the corresponding values in `x`.

* tuple -- a tuple pattern will match if its first element matches, and the
 following elements are treated as predicates and are true.

* `\_` symbol -- the last special case is the `\_` symbol, which is a wildcard
 that will match any value without creating a binding.

While a symbol pattern will ordinarily match any value, the pattern `(@ <sym>)`,
where <sym> is any symbol, will attempt to match `x` against a value
already bound to `<sym>`, rather than matching and rebinding it.

Any other value pattern will only match if it is equal to `x`.
Community Examples

math/-inf number source
The number representing negative infinity
Community Examples

math/abs cfunction source
(math/fabs x)

Return the absolute value of x.
Community Examples

math/acos cfunction source
(math/acos x)

Returns the arccosize of x.
Community Examples

math/acosh cfunction source
(math/acosh x)

Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x.
Community Examples

math/asin cfunction source
(math/asin x)

Returns the arcsin of x.
Community Examples

math/asinh cfunction source
(math/asinh x)

Returns the hypberbolic arcsine of x.
Community Examples

math/atan cfunction source
(math/atan x)

Returns the arctangent of x.
Community Examples

math/atan2 cfunction source
(math/atan2 y x)

Returns the arctangent of y/x. Works even when x is 0.
Community Examples

math/atanh cfunction source
(math/atanh x)

Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.
Community Examples

math/cbrt cfunction source
(math/cbrt x)

Returns the cube root of x.
Community Examples

math/ceil cfunction source
(math/ceil x)

Returns the smallest integer value number that is not less than x.
Community Examples

math/cos cfunction source
(math/cos x)

Returns the cosine of x.
Community Examples

math/cosh cfunction source
(math/cosh x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
Community Examples

math/e number source
The base of the natural log.
Community Examples

math/erf cfunction source
(math/erf x)

Returns the error function of x.
Community Examples

math/erfc cfunction source
(math/erfc x)

Returns the complementary error function of x.
Community Examples

math/exp cfunction source
(math/exp x)

Returns e to the power of x.
Community Examples

math/exp2 cfunction source
(math/exp2 x)

Returns 2 to the power of x.
Community Examples

math/expm1 cfunction source
(math/expm1 x)

Returns e to the power of x minus 1.
Community Examples

math/floor cfunction source
(math/floor x)

Returns the largest integer value number that is not greater than x.
Community Examples

math/gamma cfunction source
(math/gamma x)

Returns gamma(x).
Community Examples

math/hypot cfunction source
(math/hypot a b)

Returns c from the equation c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
Community Examples

math/inf number source
The number representing positive infinity
Community Examples

math/int-max number source
The maximum contiguous integer represtenable by a double (-(2^53))
Community Examples

math/int-min number source
The minimum contiguous integer representable by a double (2^53)
Community Examples

math/int32-max number source
The maximum contiguous integer represtenable by a 32 bit signed integer
Community Examples

math/int32-min number source
The minimum contiguous integer representable by a 32 bit signed integer
Community Examples

math/log cfunction source
(math/log x)

Returns the natural logarithm of x.
Community Examples

math/log10 cfunction source
(math/log10 x)

Returns the log base 10 of x.
Community Examples

math/log1p cfunction source
(math/log1p x)

Returns (log base e of x) + 1 more accurately than (+ (math/log x) 1)
Community Examples

math/log2 cfunction source
(math/log2 x)

Returns the log base 2 of x.
Community Examples

math/nan number source
Not a number (IEEE-754 NaN
Community Examples

math/next cfunction source
(math/next x y)

Returns the next representable floating point vaue after x in the direction of y.
Community Examples

math/pi number source
The value pi.
Community Examples

math/pow cfunction source
(math/pow a x)

Returns a to the power of x.
Community Examples

math/random cfunction source
(math/random)

Returns a uniformly distributed random number between 0 and 1
Community Examples

math/rng cfunction source
(math/rng &opt seed)

Creates a Psuedo-Random number generator, with an optional seed. The seed should be an unsigned 32 bit integer or a buffer. Do not use this for cryptography. Returns a core/rng abstract type.
Community Examples

math/rng-buffer cfunction source
(math/rng-buffer rng n &opt buf)

Get n random bytes and put them in a buffer. Creates a new buffer if no buffer is provided, otherwise appends to the given buffer. Returns the buffer.
Community Examples

math/rng-int cfunction source
(math/rng-int rng &opt max)

Extract a random random integer in the range [0, max] from the RNG. If no max is given, the default is 2^31 - 1.
Community Examples

math/rng-uniform cfunction source
(math/rng-uniform rng)

Extract a random number in the range [0, 1) from the RNG.
Community Examples

math/round cfunction source
(math/round x)

Returns the integer nearest to x.
Community Examples

math/seedrandom cfunction source
(math/seedrandom seed)

Set the seed for the random number generator. seed should be an integer or a buffer.
Community Examples

math/sin cfunction source
(math/sin x)

Returns the sine of x.
Community Examples

math/sinh cfunction source
(math/sinh x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
Community Examples

math/sqrt cfunction source
(math/sqrt x)

Returns the square root of x.
Community Examples

math/tan cfunction source
(math/tan x)

Returns the tangent of x.
Community Examples

math/tanh cfunction source
(math/tanh x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.
Community Examples

math/trunc cfunction source
(math/trunc x)

Returns the integer between x and 0 nearest to x.
Community Examples

max function source
(max & args)

Returns the numeric maximum of the arguments.
Community Examples

mean function source
(mean xs)

Returns the mean of xs. If empty, returns NaN.
Community Examples

merge function source
(merge & colls)

Merges multiple tables/structs to one. If a key appears in more than one
collection, then later values replace any previous ones.
Returns a new table.
Community Examples

merge-into function source
(merge-into tab & colls)

Merges multiple tables/structs into a table. If a key appears in more than one collection, then later values replace any previous ones. Returns the original table.
Community Examples

merge-module function source
(merge-module target source &opt prefix export)

Merge a module source into the target environment with a prefix, as with the import macro.
This lets users emulate the behavior of import with a custom module table.
If export is truthy, then merged functions are not marked as private. Returns
the modified target environment.
Community Examples

min function source
(min & args)

Returns the numeric minimum of the arguments.
Community Examples

mod function
(mod dividend divisor)

Returns the modulo of dividend / divisor.
Community Examples

module/add-paths function source
(module/add-paths ext loader)

Add paths to `module/paths` for a given loader such that
the generated paths behave like other module types, including
relative imports and syspath imports. `ext` is the file extension
to associate with this module type, including the dot. `loader` is the
keyword name of a loader in `module/loaders`. Returns the modified `module/paths`.
Community Examples

module/cache table source
Table mapping loaded module identifiers to their environments.
Community Examples

module/expand-path cfunction source
(module/expand-path path template)

Expands a path template as found in `module/paths` for `module/find`. This takes in a path (the argument to require) and a template string, to expand the path to a path that can be used for importing files. The replacements are as follows:

* :all: -- the value of path verbatim

* :cur: -- the current file, or (dyn :current-file)

* :dir: -- the directory containing the current file

* :name: -- the name component of path, with extension if given

* :native: -- the extension used to load natives, .so or .dll

* :sys: -- the system path, or (dyn :syspath)
Community Examples

module/find function source
(module/find path)

Try to match a module or path name from the patterns in module/paths.
Returns a tuple (fullpath kind) where the kind is one of :source, :native,
or :image if the module is found, otherwise a tuple with nil followed by
an error message.
Community Examples

module/loaders table source
A table of loading method names to loading functions.
This table lets require and import load many different kinds
of files as modules.
Community Examples

module/loading table source
Table mapping currently loading modules to true. Used to prevent
circular dependencies.
Community Examples

module/paths array source
The list of paths to look for modules, templated for module/expand-path.
Each element is a two-element tuple, containing the path
template and a keyword :source, :native, or :image indicating how
require should load files found at these paths.

A tuple can also
contain a third element, specifying a filter that prevents module/find
from searching that path template if the filter doesn't match the input
path. The filter can be a string or a predicate function, and
is often a file extension, including the period.
Community Examples

nan? function source
(nan? x)

Check if x is NaN
Community Examples

nat? cfunction source
(nat? x)

Check if x can be exactly represented as a non-negative 32 bit signed two's complement integer.
Community Examples

native cfunction source
(native path &opt env)

Load a native module from the given path. The path must be an absolute or relative path on the file system, and is usually a .so file on Unix systems, and a .dll file on Windows. Returns an environment table that contains functions and other values from the native module.
Community Examples

neg? function source
(neg? x)

Check if x is less than 0.
Community Examples

net/accept cfunction source
(net/accept stream &opt timeout)

Get the next connection on a server stream. This would usually be called in a loop in a dedicated fiber. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. Returns a new duplex stream which represents a connection to the client.
Community Examples

net/accept-loop cfunction source
(net/accept-loop stream handler)

Shorthand for running a server stream that will continuously accept new connections. Blocks the current fiber until the stream is closed, and will return the stream.
Community Examples

net/address cfunction source
(net/address host port &opt type)

Look up the connection information for a given hostname, port, and connection type. Returns a handle that can be used to send datagrams over network without establishing a connection. On Posix platforms, you can use :unix for host to connect to a unix domain socket, where the name is given in the port argument. On Linux, abstract unix domain sockets are specified with a leading '@' character in port.
Community Examples

net/chunk cfunction source
(net/chunk stream nbytes &opt buf timeout)

Same a net/read, but will wait for all n bytes to arrive rather than return early. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil.
Community Examples

net/close function source
(net/close stream)

Alias for ev/close.
Community Examples

net/connect cfunction source
(net/connect host port &opt type)

Open a connection to communicate with a server. Returns a duplex stream that can be used to communicate with the server. Type is an optional keyword to specify a connection type, either :stream or :datagram. The default is :stream. 
Community Examples

net/flush cfunction source
(net/flush stream)

Make sure that a stream is not buffering any data. This temporarily disables Nagle's algorithm. Use this to make sure data is sent without delay. Returns stream.
Community Examples

net/listen cfunction source
(net/listen host port &opt type)

Creates a server. Returns a new stream that is neither readable nor writeable. Use net/accept or net/accept-loop be to handle connections and start the server. The type parameter specifies the type of network connection, either a :stream (usually tcp), or :datagram (usually udp). If not specified, the default is :stream. The host and port arguments are the same as in net/address.
Community Examples

net/read cfunction source
(net/read stream nbytes &opt buf timeout)

Read up to n bytes from a stream, suspending the current fiber until the bytes are available. `n` can also be the keyword `:all` to read into the buffer until end of stream. If less than n bytes are available (and more than 0), will push those bytes and return early. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. Returns a buffer with up to n more bytes in it, or raises an error if the read failed.
Community Examples

net/recv-from cfunction source
(net/recv-from stream nbytes buf &opt timoeut)

Receives data from a server stream and puts it into a buffer. Returns the socket-address the packet came from. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil.
Community Examples

net/send-to cfunction source
(net/send-to stream dest data &opt timeout)

Writes a datagram to a server stream. dest is a the destination address of the packet. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. Returns stream.
Community Examples

net/server function source
(net/server host port &opt handler type)

Start a server asynchronously with net/listen and net/accept-loop. Returns the new server stream.
Community Examples

net/shutdown cfunction source
(net/shutdown stream &opt mode)

Stop communication on this socket in a graceful manner, either in both directions or just reading/writing from the stream. The `mode` parameter controls which communication to stop on the socket. 

* `:wr` is the default and prevents both reading new data from the socket and writing new data to the socket.
* `:r` disables reading new data from the socket.
* `:w` disable writing data to the socket.

Returns the original socket.
Community Examples

net/write cfunction source
(net/write stream data &opt timeout)

Write data to a stream, suspending the current fiber until the write completes. Takes an optional timeout in seconds, after which will return nil. Returns nil, or raises an error if the write failed.
Community Examples

next function
(next ds &opt key)

Gets the next key in a data structure. Can be used to iterate through the keys of a data structure in an unspecified order. Keys are guaranteed to be seen only once per iteration if they data structure is not mutated during iteration. If key is nil, next returns the first key. If next returns nil, there are no more keys to iterate through.
Community Examples

nil? function source
(nil? x)

Check if x is nil.
Community Examples

not cfunction source
(not x)

Returns the boolean inverse of x.
Community Examples

not= function
(not= & xs)

Check if any values in xs are not equal. Returns a boolean.
Community Examples

number? function source
(number? x)

Check if x is a number.
Community Examples

odd? function source
(odd? x)

Check if x is odd.
Community Examples

one? function source
(one? x)

Check if x is equal to 1.
Community Examples

or macro source
(or & forms)

Evaluates to the last argument if all preceding elements are falsey, otherwise
evaluates to the first truthy element.
Community Examples

os/arch cfunction source
(os/arch)

Check the ISA that janet was compiled for. Returns one of:

* :x86

* :x86-64

* :arm

* :aarch64

* :sparc

* :wasm

* :unknown
Community Examples

os/cd cfunction source
(os/cd path)

Change current directory to path. Returns nil on success, errors on failure.
Community Examples

os/chmod cfunction source
(os/chmod path mode)

Change file permissions, where mode is a permission string as returned by os/perm-string, or an integer as returned by os/perm-int. When mode is an integer, it is interpreted as a Unix permission value, best specified in octal, like 8r666 or 8r400. Windows will not differentiate between user, group, and other permissions, and thus will combine all of these permissions. Returns nil.
Community Examples

os/clock cfunction source
(os/clock)

Return the number of whole + fractional seconds since some fixed point in time. The clock is guaranteed to be non decreasing in real time.
Community Examples

os/cryptorand cfunction source
(os/cryptorand n &opt buf)

Get or append n bytes of good quality random data provided by the OS. Returns a new buffer or buf.
Community Examples

os/cwd cfunction source
(os/cwd)

Returns the current working directory.
Community Examples

os/date cfunction source
(os/date &opt time local)

Returns the given time as a date struct, or the current time if `time` is not given. Returns a struct with following key values. Note that all numbers are 0-indexed. Date is given in UTC unless `local` is truthy, in which case the date is formatted for the local timezone.

* :seconds - number of seconds [0-61]

* :minutes - number of minutes [0-59]

* :hours - number of hours [0-23]

* :month-day - day of month [0-30]

* :month - month of year [0, 11]

* :year - years since year 0 (e.g. 2019)

* :week-day - day of the week [0-6]

* :year-day - day of the year [0-365]

* :dst - if Day Light Savings is in effect
Community Examples

os/dir cfunction source
(os/dir dir &opt array)

Iterate over files and subdirectories in a directory. Returns an array of paths parts, with only the file name or directory name and no prefix.
Community Examples

os/environ cfunction source
(os/environ)

Get a copy of the os environment table.
Community Examples

os/execute cfunction source
(os/execute args &opt flags env)

Execute a program on the system and pass it string arguments. `flags` is a keyword that modifies how the program will execute.
* :e - enables passing an environment to the program. Without :e, the current environment is inherited.
* :p - allows searching the current PATH for the binary to execute. Without this flag, binaries must use absolute paths.
* :x - raise error if exit code is non-zero.
* :d - Don't try and terminate the process on garbage collection (allow spawning zombies).
`env` is a table or struct mapping environment variables to values. It can also contain the keys :in, :out, and :err, which allow redirecting stdio in the subprocess. These arguments should be core/file values. One can also pass in the :pipe keyword for these arguments to create files that will read (for :err and :out) or write (for :in) to the file descriptor of the subprocess. This is only useful in `os/spawn`, which takes the same parameters as `os/execute`, but will return an object that contains references to these files via (return-value :in), (return-value :out), and (return-value :err). Returns the exit status of the program.
Community Examples

os/exit cfunction source
(os/exit &opt x)

Exit from janet with an exit code equal to x. If x is not an integer, the exit with status equal the hash of x.
Community Examples

os/getenv cfunction source
(os/getenv variable &opt dflt)

Get the string value of an environment variable.
Community Examples

os/link cfunction source
(os/link oldpath newpath &opt symlink)

Create a link at newpath that points to oldpath and returns nil. Iff symlink is truthy, creates a symlink. Iff symlink is falsey or not provided, creates a hard link. Does not work on Windows.
Community Examples

os/lstat cfunction source
(os/lstat path &opt tab|key)

Like os/stat, but don't follow symlinks.
Community Examples

os/mkdir cfunction source
(os/mkdir path)

Create a new directory. The path will be relative to the current directory if relative, otherwise it will be an absolute path. Returns true if the directory was created, false if the directory already exists, and errors otherwise.
Community Examples

os/mktime cfunction source
(os/mktime date-struct &opt local)

Get the broken down date-struct time expressed as the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, the Unix epoch. Returns a real number. Date is given in UTC unless local is truthy, in which case the date is computed for the local timezone.

Inverse function to os/date.
Community Examples

os/open cfunction source
(os/open path &opt flags mode)

Create a stream from a file, like the POSIX open system call. Returns a new stream. mode should be a file mode as passed to os/chmod, but only if the create flag is given. The default mode is 8r666. Allowed flags are as follows:

 * :r - open this file for reading
 * :w - open this file for writing
 * :c - create a new file (O_CREATE)
 * :e - fail if the file exists (O_EXCL)
 * :t - shorten an existing file to length 0 (O_TRUNC)

Posix only flags:

 * :a - append to a file (O_APPEND)
 * :x - O_SYNC
 * :C - O_NOCTTY

Windows only flags:

 * :R - share reads (FILE_SHARE_READ)
 * :W - share writes (FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
  * :D - share deletes (FILE_SHARE_DELETE)
  * :H - FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
  * :O - FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
  * :F - FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
  * :T - FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
  * :d - FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE
  * :b - FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING
Community Examples

os/perm-int cfunction source
(os/perm-int bytes)

Parse a 9 character permission string and return an integer that can be used by chmod.
Community Examples

os/perm-string cfunction source
(os/perm-string int)

Convert a Unix octal permission value from a permission integer as returned by os/stat to a human readable string, that follows the formatting of unix tools like ls. Returns the string as a 9 character string of r, w, x and - characters. Does not include the file/directory/symlink character as rendered by `ls`.
Community Examples

os/pipe cfunction source
(os/pipe)

Create a readable stream and a writable stream that are connected. Returns a two element tuple where the first element is a readable stream and the second element is the writable stream.
Community Examples

os/proc-close cfunction source
(os/proc-close proc)

Wait on a process if it has not been waited on, and close pipes created by `os/spawn` if they have not been closed. Returns nil.
Community Examples

os/proc-kill cfunction source
(os/proc-kill proc &opt wait)

Kill a subprocess by sending SIGKILL to it on posix systems, or by closing the process handle on windows. If wait is truthy, will wait for the process to finsih and returns the exit code. Otherwise, returns proc.
Community Examples

os/proc-wait cfunction source
(os/proc-wait proc)

Block until the subprocess completes. Returns the subprocess return code.
Community Examples

os/readlink cfunction source
(os/readlink path)

Read the contents of a symbolic link. Does not work on Windows.
Community Examples

os/realpath cfunction source
(os/realpath path)

Get the absolute path for a given path, following ../, ./, and symlinks. Returns an absolute path as a string. Will raise an error on Windows.
Community Examples

os/rename cfunction source
(os/rename oldname newname)

Rename a file on disk to a new path. Returns nil.
Community Examples

os/rm cfunction source
(os/rm path)

Delete a file. Returns nil.
Community Examples

os/rmdir cfunction source
(os/rmdir path)

Delete a directory. The directory must be empty to succeed.
Community Examples

os/setenv cfunction source
(os/setenv variable value)

Set an environment variable.
Community Examples

os/shell cfunction source
(os/shell str)

Pass a command string str directly to the system shell.
Community Examples

os/sleep cfunction source
(os/sleep n)

Suspend the program for n seconds. 'nsec' can be a real number. Returns nil.
Community Examples

os/spawn cfunction source
(os/spawn args &opt flags env)

Execute a program on the system and return a handle to the process. Otherwise, the same arguments as os/execute. Does not wait for the process.
Community Examples

os/stat cfunction source
(os/stat path &opt tab|key)

Gets information about a file or directory. Returns a table if the second argument is a keyword, returns only that information from stat. If the file or directory does not exist, returns nil. The keys are:

* :dev - the device that the file is on

* :mode - the type of file, one of :file, :directory, :block, :character, :fifo, :socket, :link, or :other

* :int-permissions - A Unix permission integer like 8r744

* :permissions - A Unix permission string like "rwxr--r--"

* :uid - File uid

* :gid - File gid

* :nlink - number of links to file

* :rdev - Real device of file. 0 on windows.

* :size - size of file in bytes

* :blocks - number of blocks in file. 0 on windows

* :blocksize - size of blocks in file. 0 on windows

* :accessed - timestamp when file last accessed

* :changed - timestamp when file last changed (permissions changed)

* :modified - timestamp when file last modified (content changed)
Community Examples

os/symlink cfunction source
(os/symlink oldpath newpath)

Create a symlink from oldpath to newpath, returning nil. Same as (os/link oldpath newpath true).
Community Examples

os/time cfunction source
(os/time)

Get the current time expressed as the number of whole seconds since January 1, 1970, the Unix epoch. Returns a real number.
Community Examples

os/touch cfunction source
(os/touch path &opt actime modtime)

Update the access time and modification times for a file. By default, sets times to the current time.
Community Examples

os/umask cfunction source
(os/umask mask)

Set a new umask, returns the old umask.
Community Examples

os/which cfunction source
(os/which)

Check the current operating system. Returns one of:

* :windows

* :macos

* :web - Web assembly (emscripten)

* :linux

* :freebsd

* :openbsd

* :netbsd

* :posix - A POSIX compatible system (default)

May also return a custom keyword specified at build time.
Community Examples

pairs function source
(pairs x)

Get the key-value pairs of an associative data structure.
Community Examples

parse function source
(parse str)

Parse a string and return the first value. For complex parsing, such as for a repl with error handling,
use the parser api.
Community Examples

parser/byte cfunction source
(parser/byte parser b)

Input a single byte into the parser byte stream. Returns the parser.
Community Examples

parser/clone cfunction source
(parser/clone p)

Creates a deep clone of a parser that is identical to the input parser. This cloned parser can be used to continue parsing from a good checkpoint if parsing later fails. Returns a new parser.
Community Examples

parser/consume cfunction source
(parser/consume parser bytes &opt index)

Input bytes into the parser and parse them. Will not throw errors if there is a parse error. Starts at the byte index given by index. Returns the number of bytes read.
Community Examples

parser/eof cfunction source
(parser/eof parser)

Indicate that the end of file was reached to the parser. This puts the parser in the :dead state.
Community Examples

parser/error cfunction source
(parser/error parser)

If the parser is in the error state, returns the message associated with that error. Otherwise, returns nil. Also flushes the parser state and parser queue, so be sure to handle everything in the queue before calling parser/error.
Community Examples

parser/flush cfunction source
(parser/flush parser)

Clears the parser state and parse queue. Can be used to reset the parser if an error was encountered. Does not reset the line and column counter, so to begin parsing in a new context, create a new parser.
Community Examples

parser/has-more cfunction source
(parser/has-more parser)

Check if the parser has more values in the value queue.
Community Examples

parser/insert cfunction source
(parser/insert parser value)

Insert a value into the parser. This means that the parser state can be manipulated in between chunks of bytes. This would allow a user to add extra elements to arrays and tuples, for example. Returns the parser.
Community Examples

parser/new cfunction source
(parser/new)

Creates and returns a new parser object. Parsers are state machines that can receive bytes, and generate a stream of values.
Community Examples

parser/produce cfunction source
(parser/produce parser &opt wrap)

Dequeue the next value in the parse queue. Will return nil if no parsed values are in the queue, otherwise will dequeue the next value. If `wrap` is truthy, will return a 1-element tuple that wraps the result. This tuple can be used for source-mapping purposes.
Community Examples

parser/state cfunction source
(parser/state parser &opt key)

Returns a representation of the internal state of the parser. If a key is passed, only that information about the state is returned. Allowed keys are:

* :delimiters - Each byte in the string represents a nested data structure. For example, if the parser state is '(["', then the parser is in the middle of parsing a string inside of square brackets inside parentheses. Can be used to augment a REPL prompt.

* :frames - Each table in the array represents a 'frame' in the parser state. Frames contain information about the start of the expression being parsed as well as the type of that expression and some type-specific information.
Community Examples

parser/status cfunction source
(parser/status parser)

Gets the current status of the parser state machine. The status will be one of:

* :pending - a value is being parsed.

* :error - a parsing error was encountered.

* :root - the parser can either read more values or safely terminate.
Community Examples

parser/where cfunction source
(parser/where parser &opt line col)

Returns the current line number and column of the parser's internal state. If line is provided, the current line number of the parser is first set to that value. If column is also provided, the current column number of the parser is also first set to that value.
Community Examples

partial function source
(partial f & more)

Partial function application.
Community Examples

partition function source
(partition n ind)

Partition an indexed data structure into tuples
of size n. Returns a new array.
Community Examples

partition-by function source
(partition-by f ind)

Partition elements of a sequential data structure by a representative function `f`. Partitions
split when `(f x)` changes values when iterating to the next element `x` of `ind`. Returns a new array
of arrays.
Community Examples

peg/compile cfunction source
(peg/compile peg)

Compiles a peg source data structure into a <core/peg>. This will speed up matching if the same peg will be used multiple times. Will also use `(dyn :peg-grammar)` to suppliment the grammar of the peg for otherwise undefined peg keywords.
Community Examples

peg/find cfunction source
(peg/find peg text &opt start & args)

Find first index where the peg matches in text. Returns an integer, or nil if not found.
Community Examples

peg/find-all cfunction source
(peg/find-all peg text &opt start & args)

Find all indexes where the peg matches in text. Returns an array of integers.
Community Examples

peg/match cfunction source
(peg/match peg text &opt start & args)

Match a Parsing Expression Grammar to a byte string and return an array of captured values. Returns nil if text does not match the language defined by peg. The syntax of PEGs is documented on the Janet website.
Community Examples

peg/replace cfunction source
(peg/replace peg repl text &opt start & args)

Replace first match of peg in text with repl, returning a new buffer. The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement. If no matches are found, returns the input string in a new buffer.
Community Examples

peg/replace-all cfunction source
(peg/replace-all peg repl text &opt start & args)

Replace all matches of peg in text with repl, returning a new buffer. The peg does not need to make captures to do replacement.
Community Examples

pos? function source
(pos? x)

Check if x is greater than 0.
Community Examples

postwalk function source
(postwalk f form)

Do a post-order traversal of a data structure and call (f x)
on every visitation.
Community Examples

pp function source
(pp x)

Pretty print to stdout or (dyn :out). The format string used is (dyn :pretty-format "%q").
Community Examples

prewalk function source
(prewalk f form)

Similar to postwalk, but do pre-order traversal.
Community Examples

prin cfunction source
(prin & xs)

Same as print, but does not add trailing newline.
Community Examples

prinf cfunction source
(prinf fmt & xs)

Like printf but with no trailing newline.
Community Examples

print cfunction source
(print & xs)

Print values to the console (standard out). Value are converted to strings if they are not already. After printing all values, a newline character is printed. Use the value of (dyn :out stdout) to determine what to push characters to. Expects (dyn :out stdout) to be either a core/file or a buffer. Returns nil.
Community Examples

printf cfunction source
(printf fmt & xs)

Prints output formatted as if with (string/format fmt ;xs) to (dyn :out stdout) with a trailing newline.
Community Examples

product function source
(product xs)

Returns the product of xs. If xs is empty, returns 1.
EXAMPLES
(product []) # -> 1
(product @[1 2 3]) # -> 6
(product [0 1 2 3]) # -> 0
(product (range 1 10)) # -> 362880

# Product over byte values [0-255] in a string
(product "hello") # -> 1.35996e+10

# Product over values in a table or struct
(sum {:a 1 :b 2 :c 4}) # -> 8
Community Examples

prompt macro source
(prompt tag & body)

Set up a checkpoint that can be returned to. Tag should be a value
that is used in a return statement, like a keyword.
Community Examples

propagate function
(propagate x fiber)

Propagate a signal from a fiber to the current fiber. The resulting stack trace from the current fiber will include frames from fiber. If fiber is in a state that can be resumed, resuming the current fiber will first resume fiber. This function can be used to re-raise an error without losing the original stack trace.
Community Examples

protect macro source
(protect & body)

Evaluate expressions, while capturing any errors. Evaluates to a tuple
of two elements. The first element is true if successful, false if an
error, and the second is the return value or error.
Community Examples

put function
(put ds key value)

Associate a key with a value in any mutable associative data structure. Indexed data structures (arrays and buffers) only accept non-negative integer keys, and will expand if an out of bounds value is provided. In an array, extra space will be filled with nils, and in a buffer, extra space will be filled with 0 bytes. In a table, putting a key that is contained in the table prototype will hide the association defined by the prototype, but will not mutate the prototype table. Putting a value nil into a table will remove the key from the table. Returns the data structure ds.
Community Examples

put-in function source
(put-in ds ks v)

Put a value into a nested data structure.
Looks into the data structure via
a sequence of keys. Missing data structures will be replaced with tables. Returns
the modified, original data structure.
Community Examples

quit function source
(quit &opt value)

Tries to exit from the current repl or context. Does not always exit the application.
Works by setting the :exit dynamic binding to true. Passing a non-nil value here will cause the outer
run-context to return that value.
Community Examples

range function source
(range & args)

Create an array of values [start, end) with a given step.
With one argument returns a range [0, end). With two arguments, returns
a range [start, end). With three, returns a range with optional step size.
EXAMPLES
(range 10) # -> @[0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9]
(range 5 10) # -> @[5 6 7 8 9]
(range 5 10 2) # -> @[5 7 9]
(range 5 11 2) # -> @[5 7 9]
(range 10 0 -1) # -> @[10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1]
Community Examples

reduce function source
(reduce f init ind)

Reduce, also know as fold-left in many languages, transforms
an indexed type (array, tuple) with a function to produce a value by applying f to
each element in order. f is a function of 2 arguments, (f accum el), where
accum is the initial value and el is the next value in the indexed type ind.
f returns a value that will be used as accum in the next call to f. reduce
returns the value of the final call to f.
Community Examples

reduce2 function source
(reduce2 f ind)

The 2-argument version of reduce that does not take an initialization value.
Instead, the first element of the array is used for initialization.
Community Examples

repeat macro source
(repeat n & body)

Evaluate body n times. If n is negative, body will be evaluated 0 times. Evaluates to nil.
Community Examples

repl function source
(repl &opt chunks onsignal env parser read)

Run a repl. The first parameter is an optional function to call to
get a chunk of source code that should return nil for end of file.
The second parameter is a function that is called when a signal is
caught. One can provide an optional environment table to run
the repl in, as well as an optional parser or read function to pass
to `run-context.`
Community Examples

require function source
(require path & args)

Require a module with the given name. Will search all of the paths in
module/paths. Returns the new environment
returned from compiling and running the file.
Community Examples

resume function
(resume fiber &opt x)

Resume a new or suspended fiber and optionally pass in a value to the fiber that will be returned to the last yield in the case of a pending fiber, or the argument to the dispatch function in the case of a new fiber. Returns either the return result of the fiber's dispatch function, or the value from the next yield call in fiber.
Community Examples

return function source
(return to &opt value)

Return to a prompt point.
Community Examples

reverse function source
(reverse t)

Reverses the order of the elements in a given array or tuple and returns
a new array. If string or buffer is provided function returns array of chars reversed.
EXAMPLES
(reverse [1 2 3]) # -> @[3 2 1]
(reverse "abcdef") # -> @[102 101 100 99 98 97]
(reverse :abc) # -> @[99 98 97]

Community Examples

reverse! function source
(reverse! t)

Reverses the order of the elements in a given array or buffer and returns it
mutated.
Community Examples

root-env table
The root environment used to create environments with (make-env).
Community Examples

run-context function source
(run-context opts)

Run a context. This evaluates expressions in an environment,
and encapsulates the parsing, compilation, and evaluation.
Returns (in environment :exit-value environment) when complete.
opts is a table or struct of options. The options are as follows:

 * `:chunks` - callback to read into a buffer - default is getline
 * `:on-parse-error` - callback when parsing fails - default is bad-parse
 * `:env` - the environment to compile against - default is the current env
 * `:source` - string path of source for better errors - default is "<anonymous>"
 * `:on-compile-error` - callback when compilation fails - default is bad-compile
 * `:on-compile-warning` - callback for any linting error - default is warn-compile
 * `:evaluator` - callback that executes thunks. Signature is (evaluator thunk source env where)
 * `:on-status` - callback when a value is evaluated - default is debug/stacktrace.
 * `:fiber-flags` - what flags to wrap the compilation fiber with. Default is :ia.
 * `:expander` - an optional function that is called on each top level form before being compiled.
  * `:parser` - provide a custom parser that implements the same interface as Janet's built-in parser.
  * `:read` - optional function to get the next form, called like `(read env source)`.
    Overrides all parsing.
Community Examples

scan-number cfunction source
(scan-number str)

Parse a number from a byte sequence an return that number, either and integer or a real. The number must be in the same format as numbers in janet source code. Will return nil on an invalid number.
Community Examples

seq macro source
(seq head & body)

Similar to loop, but accumulates the loop body into an array and returns that.
See loop for details.
EXAMPLES
(seq [x :range [0 5]] (* 2 x)) # -> @[0 2 4 6 8]
Community Examples

setdyn cfunction source
(setdyn key value)

Set a dynamic binding. Returns value.
Community Examples

short-fn macro source
(short-fn arg)

Shorthand for fn. Arguments are given as $n, where n is the 0-indexed
argument of the function. $ is also an alias for the first (index 0) argument.
The $& symbol will make the anonymous function variadic if it apears in the
body of the function - it can be combined with positional arguments.

Example usage:

 * (short-fn (+ $ $)) - A function that doubles its arguments.
 * (short-fn (string $0 $1)) - accepting multiple args
 * |(+ $ $) - use pipe reader macro for terse function literals
 * |(+ $&) - variadic functions
Community Examples

signal cfunction source
(signal what x)

Raise a signal with payload x. 
Community Examples

slice cfunction source
(slice x &opt start end)

Extract a sub-range of an indexed data structure or byte sequence.
EXAMPLES
(slice @[1 2 3]) # -> (1 2 3) (a new array!)
(slice @[:a :b :c] 1) # -> (:b :c)
(slice [:a :b :c :d :e] 2 4) # -> (:c :d)
(slice [:a :b :d :d :e] 2 -1) # -> (:c :d :e)
(slice [:a :b :d :d :e] 2 -2) # -> (:c :d)
(slice [:a :b :d :d :e] 2 -4) # -> ()
(slice [:a :b :d :d :e] 2 -10) # -> error: range error
(slice "abcdefg" 0 2) # -> "ab"
(slice @"abcdefg" 0 2) # -> "ab"

Community Examples

slurp function source
(slurp path)

Read all data from a file with name path
and then close the file.
Community Examples

some function source
(some pred xs)

Returns nil if all xs are false or nil, otherwise returns the result of the
first truthy predicate, (pred x).
Community Examples

sort function source
(sort ind &opt before?)

Sort `ind` in-place, and return it. Uses quick-sort and is not a stable sort.
If a `before?` comparator function is provided, sorts elements using that,
otherwise uses `<`.
Community Examples

sort-by function source
(sort-by f ind)

Returns `ind` sorted by calling
a function `f` on each element and comparing the result with `<`.
Community Examples

sorted function source
(sorted ind &opt before?)

Returns a new sorted array without modifying the old one.
If a `before?` comparator function is provided, sorts elements using that,
otherwise uses `<`.
Community Examples

sorted-by function source
(sorted-by f ind)

Returns a new sorted array that compares elements by invoking
a function `f` on each element and comparing the result with `<`.
Community Examples

spit function source
(spit path contents &opt mode)

Write contents to a file at path.
Can optionally append to the file.
Community Examples

stderr core/file source
The standard error file.
Community Examples

stdin core/file source
The standard input file.
Community Examples

stdout core/file source
The standard output file.
Community Examples

string cfunction source
(string & xs)

Creates a string by concatenating the elements of `xs` together. If an element is not a byte sequence, it is converted to bytes via `describe`. Returns the new string.
Community Examples

string/ascii-lower cfunction source
(string/ascii-lower str)

Returns a new string where all bytes are replaced with the lowercase version of themselves in ASCII. Does only a very simple case check, meaning no unicode support.
Community Examples

string/ascii-upper cfunction source
(string/ascii-upper str)

Returns a new string where all bytes are replaced with the uppercase version of themselves in ASCII. Does only a very simple case check, meaning no unicode support.
Community Examples

string/bytes cfunction source
(string/bytes str)

Returns an array of integers that are the byte values of the string.
Community Examples

string/check-set cfunction source
(string/check-set set str)

Checks that the string str only contains bytes that appear in the string set. Returns true if all bytes in str appear in set, false if some bytes in str do not appear in set.
Community Examples

string/find cfunction source
(string/find patt str &opt start-index)

Searches for the first instance of pattern patt in string str. Returns the index of the first character in patt if found, otherwise returns nil.
Community Examples

string/find-all cfunction source
(string/find-all patt str &opt start-index)

Searches for all instances of pattern patt in string str. Returns an array of all indices of found patterns. Overlapping instances of the pattern are counted individually, meaning a byte in str may contribute to multiple found patterns.
Community Examples

string/format cfunction source
(string/format format & values)

Similar to snprintf, but specialized for operating with Janet values. Returns a new string.
Community Examples

string/from-bytes cfunction source
(string/from-bytes & byte-vals)

Creates a string from integer parameters with byte values. All integers will be coerced to the range of 1 byte 0-255.
Community Examples

string/has-prefix? cfunction source
(string/has-prefix? pfx str)

Tests whether str starts with pfx.
Community Examples

string/has-suffix? cfunction source
(string/has-suffix? sfx str)

Tests whether str ends with sfx.
Community Examples

string/join cfunction source
(string/join parts &opt sep)

Joins an array of strings into one string, optionally separated by a separator string sep.
Community Examples

string/repeat cfunction source
(string/repeat bytes n)

Returns a string that is n copies of bytes concatenated.
Community Examples

string/replace cfunction source
(string/replace patt subst str)

Replace the first occurrence of patt with subst in the string str. Will return the new string if patt is found, otherwise returns str.
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string/replace-all cfunction source
(string/replace-all patt subst str)

Replace all instances of patt with subst in the string str. Overlapping matches will not be counted, only the first match in such a span will be replaced. Will return the new string if patt is found, otherwise returns str.
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string/reverse cfunction source
(string/reverse str)

Returns a string that is the reversed version of str.
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string/slice cfunction source
(string/slice bytes &opt start end)

Returns a substring from a byte sequence. The substring is from index start inclusive to index end exclusive. All indexing is from 0. 'start' and 'end' can also be negative to indicate indexing from the end of the string. Note that index -1 is synonymous with index (length bytes) to allow a full negative slice range. 
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string/split cfunction source
(string/split delim str &opt start limit)

Splits a string str with delimiter delim and returns an array of substrings. The substrings will not contain the delimiter delim. If delim is not found, the returned array will have one element. Will start searching for delim at the index start (if provided), and return up to a maximum of limit results (if provided).
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string/trim cfunction source
(string/trim str &opt set)

Trim leading and trailing whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.
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string/triml cfunction source
(string/triml str &opt set)

Trim leading whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.
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string/trimr cfunction source
(string/trimr str &opt set)

Trim trailing whitespace from a byte sequence. If the argument set is provided, consider only characters in set to be whitespace.
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string? function source
(string? x)

Check if x is a string.
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struct cfunction source
(struct & kvs)

Create a new struct from a sequence of key value pairs. kvs is a sequence k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, ... If kvs has an odd number of elements, an error will be thrown. Returns the new struct.
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struct? function source
(struct? x)

Check if x a struct.
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sum function source
(sum xs)

Returns the sum of xs. If xs is empty, returns 0.
EXAMPLES
(sum []) # -> 0
(sum @[1]) # -> 1
(sum (range 100)) # -> 4950

# Sum over bytes values [0-255] in a string
(sum "hello") # -> 532

# Sum over values in a table or struct
(sum {:a 1 :b 2 :c 4}) # -> 7
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symbol cfunction source
(symbol & xs)

Creates a symbol by concatenating the elements of `xs` together. If an element is not a byte sequence, it is converted to bytes via `describe`. Returns the new symbol.
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symbol/slice cfunction source
(symbol/slice bytes &opt start end)

Same a string/slice, but returns a symbol.
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symbol? function source
(symbol? x)

Check if x is a symbol.
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table cfunction source
(table & kvs)

Creates a new table from a variadic number of keys and values. kvs is a sequence k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, ... If kvs has an odd number of elements, an error will be thrown. Returns the new table.
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table/clear cfunction source
(table/clear tab)

Remove all key-value pairs in a table and return the modified table `tab`.
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table/clone cfunction source
(table/clone tab)

Create a copy of a table. Updates to the new table will not change the old table, and vice versa.
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table/getproto cfunction source
(table/getproto tab)

Get the prototype table of a table. Returns nil if a table has no prototype, otherwise returns the prototype.
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table/new cfunction source
(table/new capacity)

Creates a new empty table with pre-allocated memory for capacity entries. This means that if one knows the number of entries going to go in a table on creation, extra memory allocation can be avoided. Returns the new table.
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table/rawget cfunction source
(table/rawget tab key)

Gets a value from a table without looking at the prototype table. If a table tab does not contain t directly, the function will return nil without checking the prototype. Returns the value in the table.
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table/setproto cfunction source
(table/setproto tab proto)

Set the prototype of a table. Returns the original table tab.
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table/to-struct cfunction source
(table/to-struct tab)

Convert a table to a struct. Returns a new struct. This function does not take into account prototype tables.
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table? function source
(table? x)

Check if x a table.
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take function source
(take n ind)

Take the first n elements of a fiber, indexed or bytes type. Returns a new array, tuple or string, respectively.
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take-until function source
(take-until pred ind)

Same as `(take-while (complement pred) ind)`.
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take-while function source
(take-while pred ind)

Given a predicate, take only elements from a fiber, indexed or bytes type that satisfy
the predicate, and abort on first failure. Returns a new array, tuple or string, respectively.
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thread/close cfunction source
(thread/close thread)

Close a thread, unblocking it and ending communication with it. Note that closing a thread is idempotent and does not cancel the thread's operation. Returns nil.
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thread/current cfunction source
(thread/current)

Get the current running thread.
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thread/exit cfunction source
(thread/exit &opt code)

Exit from the current thread. If no more threads are running, ends the process, but otherwise does not end the current process.
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thread/new cfunction source
(thread/new func &opt capacity flags)

Start a new thread that will start immediately. If capacity is provided, that is how many messages can be stored in the thread's mailbox before blocking senders. The capacity must be between 1 and 65535 inclusive, and defaults to 10. Can optionally provide flags to the new thread - supported flags are:

* `:h` - Start a heavyweight thread. This loads the core environment by default, so may use more memory initially. Messages may compress better, though.
* `:a` - Allow sending over registered abstract types to the new thread
* `:c` - Send over cfunction information to the new thread (no longer supported).
Returns a handle to the new thread.
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thread/receive cfunction source
(thread/receive &opt timeout)

Get a message sent to this thread. If timeout (in seconds) is provided, an error will be thrown after the timeout has elapsed but no messages are received. The default timeout is 1 second, and math/inf cam be passed to turn off the timeout.
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thread/send cfunction source
(thread/send thread msgi &opt timeout)

Send a message to the thread. By default, the timeout is 1 second, but an optional timeout in seconds can be provided. Use math/inf for no timeout. Will throw an error if there is a problem sending the message.
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trace cfunction source
(trace func)

Enable tracing on a function. Returns the function.
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tracev macro source
(tracev x)

Print a value and a description of the form that produced that value to
stderr. Evaluates to x.
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true? function source
(true? x)

Check if x is true.
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truthy? function source
(truthy? x)

Check if x is truthy.
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try macro source
(try body catch)

Try something and catch errors. Body is any expression,
and catch should be a form with the first element a tuple. This tuple
should contain a binding for errors and an optional binding for
the fiber wrapping the body. Returns the result of body if no error,
or the result of catch if an error.
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tuple cfunction source
(tuple & items)

Creates a new tuple that contains items. Returns the new tuple.
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tuple/brackets cfunction source
(tuple/brackets & xs)

Creates a new bracketed tuple containing the elements xs.
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tuple/setmap cfunction source
(tuple/setmap tup line column)

Set the sourcemap metadata on a tuple. line and column indicate should be integers.
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tuple/slice cfunction source
(tuple/slice arrtup [,start=0 [,end=(length arrtup)]])

Take a sub sequence of an array or tuple from index start inclusive to index end exclusive. If start or end are not provided, they default to 0 and the length of arrtup respectively. 'start' and 'end' can also be negative to indicate indexing from the end of the input. Note that index -1 is synonymous with index '(length arrtup)' to allow a full negative slice range. Returns the new tuple.
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tuple/sourcemap cfunction source
(tuple/sourcemap tup)

Returns the sourcemap metadata attached to a tuple, which is another tuple (line, column).
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tuple/type cfunction source
(tuple/type tup)

Checks how the tuple was constructed. Will return the keyword :brackets if the tuple was parsed with brackets, and :parens otherwise. The two types of tuples will behave the same most of the time, but will print differently and be treated differently by the compiler.
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tuple? function source
(tuple? x)

Check if x is a tuple.
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type cfunction source
(type x)

Returns the type of `x` as a keyword. `x` is one of:

* :nil

* :boolean

* :number

* :array

* :tuple

* :table

* :struct

* :string

* :buffer

* :symbol

* :keyword

* :function

* :cfunction

* :fiber

or another keyword for an abstract type.
EXAMPLES
(type nil) # -> :nil
(type true) # -> :boolean
(type false) # -> :boolean
(type 1) # -> :number
(type :key) # -> :keyword
(type (int/s64 "100")) # -> :core/s64
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unless macro source
(unless condition & body)

Shorthand for (when (not condition) ;body). 
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unmarshal cfunction source
(unmarshal buffer &opt lookup)

Unmarshal a value from a buffer. An optional lookup table can be provided to allow for aliases to be resolved. Returns the value unmarshalled from the buffer.
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untrace cfunction source
(untrace func)

Disables tracing on a function. Returns the function.
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update function source
(update ds key func & args)

Accepts a key argument and passes its associated value to a function.
The key is then re-associated to the function's return value. Returns the updated
data structure `ds`.
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update-in function source
(update-in ds ks f & args)

Update a value in a nested data structure by applying f to the current value.
Looks into the data structure via
a sequence of keys. Missing data structures will be replaced with tables. Returns
the modified, original data structure.
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use macro source
(use & modules)

Similar to import, but imported bindings are not prefixed with a module
identifier. Can also import multiple modules in one shot.
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values function source
(values x)

Get the values of an associative data structure.
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var- macro source
(var- name & more)

Define a private var that will not be exported.
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varfn macro source
(varfn name & body)

Create a function that can be rebound. varfn has the same signature
as defn, but defines functions in the environment as vars. If a var 'name'
already exists in the environment, it is rebound to the new function. Returns
a function.
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varglobal function source
(varglobal name init)

Dynamically create a global var.
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walk function source
(walk f form)

Iterate over the values in ast and apply f
to them. Collect the results in a data structure. If ast is not a
table, struct, array, or tuple,
returns form.
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warn-compile function source
(warn-compile msg level where &opt line col)

Default handler for a compile warning
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when macro source
(when condition & body)

Evaluates the body when the condition is true. Otherwise returns nil.
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when-let macro source
(when-let bindings & body)

Same as (if-let bindings (do ;body)).
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when-with macro source
(when-with [binding ctor dtor] & body)

Similar to with, but if binding is false or nil, returns
nil without evaluating the body. Otherwise, the same as with.
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with macro source
(with [binding ctor dtor] & body)

Evaluate body with some resource, which will be automatically cleaned up
if there is an error in body. binding is bound to the expression ctor, and
dtor is a function or callable that is passed the binding. If no destructor
(dtor) is given, will call :close on the resource.
EXAMPLES
# Print all of poetry.txt, and close the file when done,
# even when there is an error.
(with [f (file/open "poetry.txt")]
  (print (:read f :all)))
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with-dyns macro source
(with-dyns bindings & body)

Run a block of code in a new fiber that has some
dynamic bindings set. The fiber will not mask errors
or signals, but the dynamic bindings will be properly
unset, as dynamic bindings are fiber local.
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with-syms macro source
(with-syms syms & body)

Evaluates body with each symbol in syms bound to a generated, unique symbol.
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with-vars macro source
(with-vars vars & body)

Evaluates body with each var in vars temporarily bound. Similar signature to
let, but each binding must be a var.
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xprin cfunction source
(xprin to & xs)

Print to a file or other value explicitly (no dynamic bindings). The value to print to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as prin. Returns nil.
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xprinf cfunction source
(xprinf to fmt & xs)

Like prinf but prints to an explicit file or value to. Returns nil.
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xprint cfunction source
(xprint to & xs)

Print to a file or other value explicitly (no dynamic bindings) with a trailing newline character. The value to print to is the first argument, and is otherwise the same as print. Returns nil.
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xprintf cfunction source
(xprintf to fmt & xs)

Like printf but prints to an explicit file or value to. Returns nil.
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yield function
(yield &opt x)

Yield a value to a parent fiber. When a fiber yields, its execution is paused until another thread resumes it. The fiber will then resume, and the last yield call will return the value that was passed to resume.
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zero? function source
(zero? x)

Check if x is zero.
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zipcoll function source
(zipcoll ks vs)

Creates a table from two arrays/tuples.
Returns a new table.
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